Shloka 4

इन्द्रद्युम्नोपाख्यानम्

Indradyumna Upākhyāna: On Kīrti, Smṛti, and Restoration

Devanagari script

किंवीर्या मानवास्तत्र किमाहारविहारिण: । किमायुष: किंवसना भविष्यन्ति युगक्षये,युगान्तकालमें कलियुगके मनुष्योंका बल-पराक्रम कैसा होगा? उनके आहार-विहार कैसे होंगे? उनकी आयु कितनी होगी और उनके परिधान--वस्त्राभूषण कैसे होंगे

Transliteration

kiṁvīryā mānavās tatra kimāhāra-vihāriṇaḥ | kimāyuṣaḥ kiṁvasanā bhaviṣyanti yugakṣaye ||

Translation

Yudhiṣṭhira hỏi: “Vào lúc tận cùng của thời đại, con người trong Kali-yuga sẽ có sức lực và dũng khí ra sao? Thức ăn và nếp sinh hoạt hằng ngày của họ sẽ thế nào? Họ sẽ sống thọ bao lâu, và y phục cùng đồ trang sức của họ sẽ mang dáng vẻ gì?”

Word by Word

• किम्: what (kind of)
• किम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• वीर्याः: possessing strength/valor
• वीर्याः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीर्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मानवाः: humans/men
• मानवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• किम्: what (kind of)
• किम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• आहार: food/diet
• आहार: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहार
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• विहारिणः: having (such) conduct/recreation; living (in such a way)
• विहारिणः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विहारिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• किम्: what (kind of)
• किम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• आयुषः: of lifespan; lifespan
• आयुषः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आयुस्
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• किम्: what (kind of)
• किम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• वसनाः: clad/dressed (in such garments)
• वसनाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वसन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• भविष्यन्ति: will be
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Simple Future (Luṭ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• युगक्षये: at the end of the age
• युगक्षये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युगक्षय
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

Speaker

युधिष्ठिर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yudhiṣṭhira
• mānava (humankind)
• yuga (the age/epoch)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames an ethical inquiry into how human virtues and social norms change as dharma declines: strength, habits, longevity, and outward culture (dress/adornment) are treated as indicators of the moral and civilizational condition at the end of an age.

What is happening in the narrative?

Yudhiṣṭhira, seeking knowledge about the future course of the world, asks about the characteristics of people at yugakṣaya—how strong they will be, what they will eat and how they will live, how long they will live, and what they will wear.