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Shloka 11

Karma, Preta-gati, and the Continuity of Phala

Mārkaṇḍeya’s Instruction

सर्प उवाच नहुषो नाम राजाहमासं पूर्वस्तवानघ । प्रथित: पजचम: सोमादायो: पुत्रो नराधिप,सर्प बोला--निष्पाप नरेश! मैं पूर्वजन्ममें तुम्हारा विख्यात पूर्वज नहुष नामका राजा था। चन्द्रमासे पाँचवीं पीढ़ीमें जो आयु नामक राजा हुए थे, उन्हींका मैं पुत्र हूँ

sarpa uvāca | nahuṣo nāma rājāham āsaṃ pūrvas tavānagha | prathitaḥ pañcamaḥ somād āyoḥ putro narādhipa ||

Con rắn nói: “Hỡi đức vua vô tội, trong một kiếp trước ta từng là tổ tiên lừng danh của ngài, vị vua mang tên Nahuṣa. Hỡi bậc chúa tể loài người, ta là người nổi tiếng, đời thứ năm tính từ Soma (Mặt Trăng), là con của Āyu.”

सर्पःthe serpent
सर्पः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
नहुषःNahusha
नहुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनहुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नामby name/namely
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
आसम्was
आसम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
पूर्वःformer/earlier
पूर्वः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तवof you/your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormGenitive, Singular
अनघO sinless one
अनघ:
TypeNoun
Rootअनघ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रथितःrenowned/famed
प्रथितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पञ्चमःfifth
पञ्चमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सोमाद्from Soma (the Moon)
सोमाद्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसोम
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
आयोःof Ayu
आयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootआयु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नराधिपO lord of men (king)
नराधिप:
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

सर्प उवाच

S
Sarpa (the serpent-speaker)
N
Nahuṣa
S
Soma (Candra, the Moon)
Ā
Āyu

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the ethical weight of lineage and past identity: one’s present condition may conceal a prior status, and recognition of ancestry and former deeds frames moral reflection in the narrative.

A serpent speaks to a king and reveals his true identity: he was formerly the famous king Nahuṣa, connected to the lunar dynasty as a descendant of Soma and as the son of Āyu.