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Shloka 7

Book 3 (Āraṇyaka-parva), Adhyāya 13 — Alliance Gathering; Arjuna’s Praise of Keśava; Draupadī’s Duḥkha-nivedana; Assurances and Vows

स्त्रियो$क्षा मृगया पानमेतत्‌ कामसमुत्थितम्‌ । दुःखं चतुष्टयं प्रोक्त यैर्नरो भ्रश्यते श्रिय:,स्त्रियोंके प्रति आसक्ति, जूआ खेलना, शिकार खेलनेका शौक और मद्यपान--ये चार प्रकारके भोग कामनाजनित दुःख बताये गये हैं, जिनके कारण मनुष्य अपने धन-ऐश्वर्यसे भ्रष्ट हो जाता है। शास्त्रोंके निपुण विद्वान्‌ सभी परिस्थितियोंमें इन चारोंको निन्दनीय मानते हैं; परंतु द्यूतक्रीडाको तो जूएके दोष जाननेवाले लोग विशेषरूपसे निन्दनीय समझते हैं

striyo 'kṣā mṛgayā pānam etat kāmasamutthitam | duḥkhaṃ catuṣṭayaṃ proktaṃ yair naro bhraśyate śriyaḥ ||

Vāyu nói: “Đàn bà (tức sự đắm chấp mù quáng vào nữ sắc), cờ bạc bằng xúc xắc, săn bắn, và rượu chè—đều phát sinh từ dục vọng. Chúng được gọi là bốn nguồn khổ đau, khiến người đàn ông sa sút khỏi phú quý và vận may.”

स्त्रियःwomen
स्त्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
अक्षाःdice (gambling)
अक्षाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मृगयाhunting
मृगया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृगया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पानम्drinking (esp. liquor)
पानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एतत्this (set)
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कामसमुत्थितम्arisen from desire
कामसमुत्थितम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकाम-समुत्थित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दुःखम्sorrow, misery
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
चतुष्टयम्a set of four
चतुष्टयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचतुष्टय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रोक्तम्said, declared
प्रोक्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वच्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
यैःby which
यैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भ्रश्यतेfalls away, is ruined
भ्रश्यते:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootभ्रंश्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
श्रियाḥfrom prosperity/fortune
श्रियाḥ:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootश्री
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu (Vāyudeva)
W
women (striyaḥ)
D
dice (akṣāḥ)
H
hunting (mṛgayā)
D
drinking/intoxicants (pānam)
Ś
Śrī (prosperity/fortune)

Educational Q&A

Uncontrolled desire (kāma) expresses itself through certain addictive or pleasure-driven pursuits—sexual obsession, gambling, hunting, and intoxication—which lead to suffering and the loss of prosperity; therefore they are to be avoided as ethically blameworthy.

Vāyudeva is speaking as a moral instructor, listing four desire-born habits and warning that they cause a person’s decline from śrī (prosperity and standing), framing the point as an authoritative ethical maxim.