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Shloka 9

Sanatsujāta–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Saṃvāda: Pramāda as Mṛtyu

Chapter 42

ज्ञानेन चात्मानमुपैति विद्वा- नथान्यथा वर्गफलानुकाडक्षी | अस्मिन्‌ कृतं तत्‌ परिगृहा सर्व- ममुत्र भुड़क्त्वा पुनरेति मार्गम्‌

jñānena cātmānam upaiti vidvān athānyathā varga-phalānukāṅkṣī | asmin kṛtaṃ tat parigṛhya sarvam amutra bhuṅktvā punar eti mārgam ||

Sanatsujāta nói: Nhờ tri kiến chân thật, bậc trí đạt đến Ngã (Ātman). Nhưng kẻ trái lại—tham cầu quả của tam mục tiêu đời sống (dharma, artha, kāma)—mang theo mọi nghiệp đã làm ở đời này, thọ hưởng kết quả ở đời sau; và khi sự thọ hưởng ấy cạn hết, lại trở về con đường luân hồi thế tục.

ज्ञानेनby knowledge
ज्ञानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आत्मानम्the Self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपैतिattains/approaches
उपैति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-इ
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
विद्वान्the wise man
विद्वान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अथbut/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
अन्यथाotherwise
अन्यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्यथा
वर्गफलान्fruits of the (tri)group (dharma-artha-kama)
वर्गफलान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्गफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
अनुकाङ्क्षीdesiring/longing for
अनुकाङ्क्षी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनु-√काङ्क्ष्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्मिन्in this (world)
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कृतम्done (deed); action performed
कृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Root√कृ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
परिगृह्यhaving taken/appropriated
परिगृह्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-√ग्रह्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
सर्वम्all (of it)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अमुत्रthere (in the other world)
अमुत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअमुत्र
भुङ्क्त्वाhaving enjoyed/experienced
भुङ्क्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Root√भुज्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
एतिgoes/returns
एति:
TypeVerb
Root√इ
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मार्गम्path (course of worldly return)
मार्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमार्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

सनत्सुजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta
Ā
Ātman (Self)
T
Trivarga (dharma-artha-kāma)
A
Amutra (the other world)

Educational Q&A

Knowledge (jñāna) leads the wise to realization of the Self, whereas craving for the fruits of dharma, artha, and kāma binds one to karma: the person enjoys results in the next world and then returns to saṃsāra when those results are exhausted.

In Sanatsujāta’s instruction (within Udyoga Parva), he contrasts two life-orientations: the knower who seeks the Self and the reward-seeker who pursues worldly aims, thereby continuing the cycle of post-mortem enjoyment and return to worldly existence.