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Shloka 23

Sanatsujāta–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Saṃvāda: Pramāda as Mṛtyu

Chapter 42

दम, त्याग और अप्रमाद--इन तीन गुणोंमें अमृत-का वास है। जो मनीषी (बुद्धिमान) ब्राह्मण हैं, वे कहते हैं कि इन गुणोंका मुख सत्यस्वरूप परमात्माकी ओर है (अर्थात्‌ ये परमात्माकी प्राप्तिके साधन हैं) ।। दमो हराष्टादशगुण: प्रतिकूलं कृताकृते । अनृतं॑ चाभ्यसूया च कामार्थो च तथा स्पृहा

dama-tyāga-apramādāḥ—ete trayo guṇā amṛtasya vāsaḥ | ye manīṣiṇaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ, te vadanti—eteṣāṃ guṇānāṃ mukhaṃ satya-svarūpaṃ paramātmānam prati (tad-prāpti-sādhanatvāt) || damo hi aṣṭādaśa-guṇaḥ; pratikūlaṃ kṛtākṛte | anṛtaṃ cābhyasūyā ca kāmārthaś ca tathā spṛhā ||

Sanatsujāta dạy rằng ba kỷ luật—tự chế (dama), xả ly (tyāga), và tỉnh giác không buông lung (apramāda)—là nơi cư ngụ của “bất tử”, tức thiện ích không hoại diệt. Các Bà-la-môn hiền trí nói rằng những đức hạnh ấy hướng thẳng về Đại Ngã Tối Thượng, bản tính chính là Chân thật; nghĩa là, đó là phương tiện trực tiếp để chứng ngộ Chân lý. Ngài còn chỉ rõ: tự chế là một đức hạnh bao trùm, đối nghịch cả hành vi sai lầm lẫn sự không hành động sai lầm; và nó chống lại lời dối trá, lòng ganh ghét, dục vọng cầu lạc và cầu lợi, cùng sự thèm khát.

दमःself-control
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
indeed/for emphasis
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootह (निपात)
अष्टादशगुणःhaving eighteen qualities
अष्टादशगुणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअष्टादशगुण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिकूलम्unfavorable/opposed
प्रतिकूलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतिकूल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कृतम्done (act)
कृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) → कृत (कृदन्त, क्त)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अकृतम्not done/undone (act)
अकृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) → कृत (कृदन्त, क्त) with privative अ-
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनृतम्falsehood
अनृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनृत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (निपात)
अभ्यसूयाenvy/malice
अभ्यसूया:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअभ्यसूया (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (निपात)
कामार्थःdesire for gain/pleasure-and-profit motive
कामार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकामार्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (निपात)
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
स्पृहाlonging/greed
स्पृहा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्पृहा (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

सनत्युजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta
B
Brahmins (wise teachers)
P
Paramātman (Supreme Self)

Educational Q&A

Immortality (the deathless highest good) is ‘inhabited’ by three disciplines: self-restraint (dama), renunciation (tyāga), and vigilant non-negligence (apramāda). These virtues are oriented toward the Truth-natured Supreme Self and function as practical means to realize that reality.

In the Udyoga Parva’s Sanatsujātīya discourse, Sanatsujāta instructs on spiritual and ethical foundations amid the political crisis leading to war. Here he emphasizes inner discipline—especially self-control—as the antidote to moral failings like falsehood, envy, and craving, redirecting the listener toward truth and liberation.