Shloka 19

द्रुपदवाक्यं

Drupada’s Counsel on Conciliation and Alliance Mobilization

Devanagari script

जयत्सेनश्न काश्यश्वल॒ तथा पञ्चनदा नृपा: । क्राथपुत्रश्न दुर्धर्ष: पार्वतीयाश्व ये नृपा:

Transliteration

jayatsenaś ca kāśyaśvaḥ tathā pañcanadā nṛpāḥ | krāthaputraś ca durdharṣaḥ pārvatīyāś ca ye nṛpāḥ ||

Translation

Drupada nói: “Jayatsena và Kāśyaśva, cùng các vua xứ Pañcanada; Krāthaputra, kẻ khó bề khuất phục; và các vua cư ngụ miền sơn cước—những bậc ấy cũng được kể vào hàng đồng minh đã tụ hội.”

Word by Word

• जयत्सेनः: Jayatsena (a king)
• जयत्सेनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जयत्सेन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• काश्यः: the king of Kāśī (Kāśya)
• काश्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: काश्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अश्वलः: Aśvala (a king)
• अश्वलः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्वल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: and also / likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• पञ्चनदाः: the Pañcanadas (people/region of the five rivers)
• पञ्चनदाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्चनद
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नृपाः: kings
• नृपाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• क्राथपुत्रः: Kṛātha's son (Krāthaputra)
• क्राथपुत्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्राथपुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दुर्धर्षः: hard to assail / unconquerable
• दुर्धर्षः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्धर्ष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पार्वतीयाः: the mountain(-dwelling) people / Pārvatīyas
• पार्वतीयाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्वतीय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• ये: who / those who
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नृपाः: kings
• नृपाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

दुपद उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Drupada
• Jayatsena
• Kāśyaśva
• Krāthaputra
• Pañcanada
• Pārvatīya kings (mountain rulers)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the ethical and political necessity of gathering righteous support: when confronting adharma, a just cause is strengthened by broad alliances and the willingness of many rulers to stand together.

What is happening in the narrative?

Drupada is listing various kings and regional rulers who are aligned or present, emphasizing the scale and diversity of the coalition forming around the Pāṇḍavas in the lead-up to the great conflict.