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Shloka 71

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय 33: धृतराष्ट्र-विदुर संवादः (विदुरनीतिः)

निजानुत्पतत: शत्रून्‌ू पजच पउठ्चप्रयोजनान्‌ । यो मोहान्न निगृह्नाति तमापद्‌ ग्रसते नरम्‌,जो पाँच विषयोंकी ओर दौड़नेवाले अपने पाँच इन्द्रियरूपी शत्रुओंको मोहके कारण वशमें नहीं करता, उस मनुष्यको विपत्ति ग्रस लेती है

nijān utpatataḥ śatrūn pañca pañca-prayojanān | yo mohān na nigṛhṇāti tam āpad grasate naram ||

Vidura nói: Năm căn, luôn lao ra ngoài về phía năm đối tượng của chúng, chẳng khác nào những kẻ thù ở ngay trong lòng người. Ai vì mê muội không chế ngự được những kẻ thù ấy, người đó tất yếu bị tai ương nuốt chửng—thiếu tự chủ chính là cửa ngõ để bất hạnh bước vào.

निजान्one's own
निजान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उत्पततःrushing forth / springing towards
उत्पततः:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootउत्-पत्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Accusative, Plural
शत्रून्enemies
शत्रून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्च
Form—, —, —, indeclinable numeral used adjectivally
विषय-प्रयोजनान्sense-objects (as aims/objects of pursuit)
विषय-प्रयोजनान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविषय + प्रयोजन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मोहात्from delusion / due to delusion
मोहात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमोह
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निगृह्णातिrestrains / controls
निगृह्णाति:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-ग्रह्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आपत्calamity / misfortune
आपत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआपद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ग्रसतेdevours / engulfs
ग्रसते:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रस्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
नरम्man / person
नरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
P
pañcendriyāṇi (the five senses, implied)
P
pañca viṣayāḥ (the five sense-objects, implied)
Ā
āpad (calamity, personified)

Educational Q&A

Unrestrained senses behave like internal enemies: when a person, out of delusion, fails to control the senses that run toward their objects, misfortune overtakes him. Ethical stability and safety depend on indriya-nigraha (sense-restraint).

In Vidura’s counsel (Vidura-nīti) during the Udyoga Parva, he instructs on practical dharma for rulers and individuals. Here he warns that inner discipline—especially mastery over the senses—is essential; otherwise one becomes vulnerable to downfall and संकट (āpad).