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Shloka 99

Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition

अष्टौ गुणा: पुरुषं दीपयन्ति प्रज्ञा च कौल्यं च दम: श्रुतं च । पराक्रमश्चाबहुभाषिता च दानं यथाशक्ति कृतज्ञता च,बुद्धि, कुलीनता, इन्द्रियनिग्रह, शास्त्रज्ञान, पराक्रम, अधिक न बोलना, शक्तिके अनुसार दान और कृतज्ञता--ये आठ गुण पुरुषकी ख्याति बढ़ा देते हैं

aṣṭau guṇāḥ puruṣaṃ dīpayanti prajñā ca kaulyaṃ ca damaḥ śrutaṃ ca | parākramaścābahubhāṣitā ca dānaṃ yathāśakti kṛtajñatā ca ||

Vidura nói: “Tám phẩm chất khiến con người rạng rỡ và được tiếng thơm: trí tuệ, dòng dõi và hạnh kiểm cao quý, tự chế, học vấn từ các giáo pháp thiêng liêng và đáng tin cậy, dũng lực, lời nói ít mà chừng mực, bố thí tùy theo khả năng, và lòng biết ơn.”

अष्टौeight
अष्टौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअष्टन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गुणाःqualities, virtues
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुरुषम्a man, person
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दीपयन्तिillumine, make shine, glorify
दीपयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootदीप् (दीपयति)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
प्रज्ञाwisdom, intelligence
प्रज्ञा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रज्ञा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कौल्यंgood family/nobility (good breeding)
कौल्यं:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकौल्यम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दमःself-control, restraint
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रुतम्learning, what is heard (scriptural knowledge)
श्रुतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पराक्रमःvalor, prowess
पराक्रमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपराक्रम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अबहुभाषिताnot speaking much, brevity in speech
अबहुभाषिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअ-बहु-भाषिता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दानम्giving, charity
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यथाशक्तिaccording to one’s ability
यथाशक्ति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा-शक्ति
कृतज्ञताgratitude, thankfulness
कृतज्ञता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृतज्ञता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura

Educational Q&A

A person’s true brilliance and reputation arise from inner discipline and ethical conduct: wisdom, noble character, self-restraint, learning, courage, restrained speech, proportionate generosity, and gratitude.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura offers moral and political counsel amid escalating conflict; here he lists the virtues that should guide leaders and individuals as the kingdom moves toward war.