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Shloka 2

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 3 — Sātyaki on Inner Disposition, Legitimacy, and Coercive Readiness

सन्ति वै पुरुषा: शूरा: सन्ति कापुरुषास्तथा । उभावेतौ दृढौ पक्षौ दृश्येते पुरुषान्‌ प्रति

santi vai puruṣāḥ śūrāḥ santi kāpuruṣās tathā | ubhāvetau dṛḍhau pakṣau dṛśyete puruṣān prati ||

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Quả thật có những người đàn ông dũng cảm, và cũng có những kẻ hèn nhát. Hai khuynh hướng vững chắc ấy—dũng khí và nhút nhát—đều thấy rõ nơi loài người.”

सन्तिare / exist
सन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormLat (Present), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
पुरुषाःmen / persons
पुरुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शूराःbrave / heroic
शूराः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सन्तिare / exist
सन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormLat (Present), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
कापुरुषाःcowards / base men
कापुरुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकापुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाlikewise / also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
एतौthese two
एतौ:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
दृढौfirm / strong
दृढौ:
TypeAdjective
Rootदृढ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
पक्षौsides / parties
पक्षौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
दृश्येतेare seen / appear
दृश्येते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormLat (Present), 3rd, Dual, Atmanepada, Passive (karmani)
पुरुषान्men / persons
पुरुषान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रतिtowards / with regard to
प्रति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
P
puruṣāḥ (human beings)

Educational Q&A

Human conduct tends to fall into two stable moral-psychological patterns—courage and cowardice. The verse highlights that ethical life and decision-making, especially in crisis, reveal which disposition has taken root in a person.

The narrator Vaiśampāyana makes a general observation about human types—brave and cowardly—setting a moral frame for the choices and stances that characters will take in the tense pre-war deliberations of the Udyoga Parva.