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Shloka 23

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 28: Dharmādharmalakṣaṇa in Āpad

Crisis-Discernment of Right and Wrong

अधीयीत ब्राह्मणो वै यजेत दद्यादीयात्‌ तीर्थमुख्यानि चैव । अध्यापयेद्‌ याजयेच्चापि याज्यान्‌ प्रतिग्रहान्‌ वा विहितान्‌ प्रतीच्छेत्‌,ब्राह्मण अध्ययन, यज्ञ एवं दान करे तथा प्रधान-प्रधान तीर्थोंकी यात्रा करे, शिष्योंको पढ़ावे और यजमानोंका यज्ञ करावे अथवा शाख्त्रविहित प्रतिग्रह (दान) स्वीकार करे

adhīyīta brāhmaṇo vai yajeta dadyād īyāt tīrthamukhyāni caiva | adhyāpayed yājayec cāpi yājyān pratigrahān vā vihitān pratīcchet ||

Vāyu nói: “Một Bà-la-môn phải chuyên tâm học Vệ-đà; phải cử hành tế lễ; phải bố thí và cũng chỉ nhận những gì hợp lẽ; và phải hành hương đến những bến thiêng tối thượng. Người ấy nên dạy dỗ môn đồ, chủ tế cho những gia chủ đủ tư cách, và chỉ nhận lễ vật khi kinh điển cho phép.”

अधीयीतshould study
अधीयीत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ (अधी)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), injunctive/optative sense (should), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
यजेतshould perform sacrifice
यजेत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), optative (should), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
दद्यात्should give (donate)
दद्यात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormVidhi-lin (optative), optative (should), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
ईयात्should go
ईयात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root
FormVidhi-lin (optative), optative (should), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
तीर्थमुख्यानिthe chief pilgrimage-places
तीर्थमुख्यानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतीर्थमुख्य
Formneuter, accusative, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवalso/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अध्यापयेत्should teach (make study)
अध्यापयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ (अध्यापय् caus.)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), optative (should), 3, singular, Parasmaipada, causative
याजयेत्should officiate (cause to sacrifice)
याजयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootयज् (याजय् caus.)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), optative (should), 3, singular, Parasmaipada, causative
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
याज्यान्those who are to be officiated for (sacrificers)
याज्यान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयाज्य
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
प्रतिग्रहान्gifts/acceptances (of gifts)
प्रतिग्रहान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिग्रह
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
विहितान्prescribed/ordained
विहितान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-धा (विहित)
Formpast passive participle (क्त), masculine, accusative, plural
प्रतीच्छेत्should accept
प्रतीच्छेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-इ (प्रतीच्छ्)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), optative (should), 3, singular, Parasmaipada

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu (Vāyudeva)
B
brāhmaṇa
T
tīrtha (sacred places)

Educational Q&A

The verse outlines the normative dharma of a brāhmaṇa: disciplined Vedic study, performance and facilitation of sacrifice, teaching, pilgrimage to major tīrthas, generosity, and the careful acceptance of gifts only when scripturally permitted.

In Udyoga Parva’s counsel-oriented setting, Vāyu speaks as an authority figure, prescribing ideal conduct. The focus is not battlefield action but ethical instruction on social and religious responsibilities.