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Shloka 10

Udyoga Parva 21 — Bhīṣma’s Conciliatory Counsel, Karṇa’s Rebuttal, and Dhṛtarāṣṭra Sends Sañjaya (भीष्म-कर्ण-विवादः; संजय-प्रेषणम्)

दुर्योधनार्थे शकुनिर्ययूते निर्जितवान्‌ पुरा । समयेन गतो<रण्यं पाण्डुपुत्रो युधिष्ठिर:,“पहलेकी बात है, शकुनिने दुर्योधनके लिये पाण्डुपुत्र युधिष्ठिरको द्यूत-क्रीड़ामें परास्त किया था और वे उस जूएकी शर्तके अनुसार वनमें गये थे

vaiśampāyana uvāca | duryodhanārthe śakunir yayūte nirjitavān purā | samayena gato 'raṇyaṃ pāṇḍuputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ |

Vaiśampāyana nói: Thuở trước, vì lợi ích của Duryodhana, Śakuni đã dùng mưu gian trong cuộc chơi xúc xắc mà thắng, khiến Yudhiṣṭhira—con của Pāṇḍu—bại trận. Bị ràng buộc bởi điều khoản đã giao ước của ván cược ấy, Yudhiṣṭhira liền vào rừng—cho thấy rằng một hành vi phi nghĩa vẫn có thể ép người chính trực giữ trọn lời thề, dù phải trả giá bằng tổn thất lớn lao.

दुर्योधनार्थेfor Duryodhana's sake
दुर्योधनार्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन-अर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शकुनिःShakuni
शकुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशकुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयूतwent / proceeded
अयूत:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
निर्जितवान्having defeated / who defeated
निर्जितवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√जि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्तवतु (past active participle)
पुराformerly / earlier
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
समयेनby the agreement / according to the stipulation
समयेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसमय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
गतःgone
गतः:
TypeVerb
Root√गम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
अरण्यम्to the forest
अरण्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअरण्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पाण्डुपुत्रःthe son of Pandu
पाण्डुपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डु-पुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरःYudhishthira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
D
Duryodhana
Ś
Śakuni
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
A
Araṇya (the forest)
D
Dyūta/Yūta (dice-game)
S
Samaya (the wager/compact)

Educational Q&A

Even when wronged through deceit, a person committed to dharma may still feel bound to honor an agreed pledge (samaya). The verse highlights the moral tension between the injustice of the means (Śakuni’s manipulation for Duryodhana) and the ethical weight of keeping one’s word (Yudhiṣṭhira accepting exile).

The narrator recalls an earlier event: Śakuni, acting for Duryodhana, defeated Yudhiṣṭhira in the dice-game. Because of the wager’s stipulated terms, Yudhiṣṭhira went to the forest in exile.