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Shloka 32

धृतराष्ट्रस्य वंशोपदेशः

Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Dynastic Counsel on Legitimate Rule

राजा च क्षत्ता च महानुभावौ भीष्मे स्थिते परवन्तौ भवेताम्‌ | अयं तु धर्मज्ञतया महात्मा न कामयेद्‌ यो नृवरो नदीज:

rājā ca kṣattā ca mahānubhāvau bhīṣme sthite paravantau bhavetām | ayaṃ tu dharmajñatayā mahātmā na kāmayed yo nṛvaro nadījaḥ ||

Vidura nói: “Chừng nào Bhīṣma còn sống, thì cả vua Dhṛtarāṣṭra lẫn kṣattā Vidura—dẫu là bậc đại nhân—vẫn phải nương tựa nơi ngài, không có chỗ nào để tự nhận quyền tối thượng khi ngài còn hiện diện. Nhưng bậc tối thượng ấy, đấng đại hồn, con của dòng sông Gaṅgā, chính vì thấu triệt dharma nên ngay cả ý muốn nắm vương quyền cũng không khởi.”

राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षत्ताthe chamberlain/counsellor (Vidura)
क्षत्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महानुभावौboth great-souled/illustrious
महानुभावौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहानुभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
भीष्मेwhile Bhishma (is present/alive)
भीष्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्थितेbeing present/standing (alive)
स्थिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्था
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Locative, Singular
परवन्तौdependent (on another’s will)
परवन्तौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरवन्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
भवेताम्would be / should be
भवेताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Dual, Parasmaipada
अयम्this (man)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
धर्मज्ञतयाby (his) knowledge of dharma
धर्मज्ञतया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मज्ञता
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
महात्माthe great-souled one
महात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कामयेत्would desire
कामयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootकम् (कामय्)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृवरःthe best of men
नृवरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृवर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नदीजःriver-born (son of the river; Bhishma, son of Ganga)
नदीजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनदीज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
B
Bhīṣma
G
Gaṅgā

Educational Q&A

Legitimate authority is not merely a matter of power but of dharma and rightful order: while Bhīṣma lives, others remain constrained by his seniority and standing; yet Bhīṣma’s own dharma-knowledge expresses itself as restraint—he does not covet kingship.

Vidura is characterizing the political reality at Hastināpura: Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Vidura, despite their eminence, remain effectively under Bhīṣma’s overriding authority. He then highlights Bhīṣma’s ethical stature—though capable, he does not wish to seize rule.