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Shloka 41

Udyoga Parva Adhyāya 132 — Vidura’s Counsel on Udyama, Yaśas, and Kṣātra-Dharma

भृत्यैर्विहीयमानानां परपिण्डोपजीविनाम्‌ । कृपणानामसत्त्वानां मा वृत्तिमनुवर्तिथा:,संजय! भृत्यहीन, दूसरोंके अन्नपर जीनेवाले, दीन-दुर्बल मनुष्योंकी वृत्तिका अनुसरण न कर

bhṛtyair vihīyamānānāṃ parapīṇḍopajīvinām | kṛpaṇānām asattvānāṃ mā vṛttim anuvartithāḥ, saṃjaya |

Hỡi Saṃjaya, chớ noi theo lối sống của những kẻ khốn cùng, bạc nhược—bị người dưới quyền bỏ rơi và phải sống bằng miếng ăn của kẻ khác. Đừng nhận lấy kế sinh nhai hay tâm thế của kẻ yếu đuối sống nhờ sự lệ thuộc; hãy giữ lấy con đường hành xử có phẩm giá và tự trọng.

भृत्यैःby servants
भृत्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
विहीयमानानाम्of those being abandoned/left
विहीयमानानाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-हा (धातु: हा)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
परपिण्डोपजीविनाम्of those who live on others' food
परपिण्डोपजीविनाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपर-पिण्ड-उपजीविन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
कृपणानाम्of the wretched/miserable
कृपणानाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृपण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
असत्त्वानाम्of the weak/without strength or courage
असत्त्वानाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-सत्त्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
वृत्तिम्conduct/way of life
वृत्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अनुवर्तिथाःfollow (you should follow)
अनुवर्तिथाः:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-वृत् (धातु: वृत्)
FormImperative (Vidhi-lin), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

पुत्र उवाच

S
Saṃjaya

Educational Q&A

The verse warns against adopting a life of servile dependence—living on others’ support and losing one’s inner strength. Ethically, it upholds self-respect, steadiness of character (vṛtti), and the refusal to sink into cowardice or opportunism.

In Udyoga Parva’s pre-war counsel and negotiations, a ‘son’ addresses Saṃjaya directly, urging him not to follow the example of degraded, dependent men. The line functions as moral exhortation within the tense lead-up to the Kurukṣetra conflict.