Shloka 3

Adhyāya 108: Paścima-dik—Varuṇa’s Realm, Sunset Cosmology, and Sacred-Geographic Markers

Suparṇa–Gālava संवाद

Devanagari script

अत्र विश्वे सदा देवा: पितृभि: सार्थमासते । इज्यमाना: सम लोकेषु सम्प्राप्तास्तुल्यभागताम्‌

Transliteration

atra viśve sadā devāḥ pitṛbhiḥ sārtham āsate | ijyamānāḥ sama-lokeṣu samprāptās tulya-bhāgatām ||

Translation

Tại đây, các Viśvedevas luôn ngự cùng các Pitṛ. Được thờ phụng đúng phép khắp các cõi, họ đạt phần thụ hưởng ngang bằng—trong lễ śrāddha cũng nhận phần như chính các bậc Tổ phụ.

Word by Word

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र

• विश्वे: the Visvedevas (all-gods)
• विश्वे: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश्वदेव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सदा: always
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा

• देवाः: gods
• देवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पितृभिः: with the Pitrs / by the ancestors
• पितृभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• सार्थम्: together (with)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सार्थम्

• आसते: they sit/dwell
• Type: Verb
• Root: आस्
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Atmanepada

• इज्यमानाः: being worshipped
• इज्यमानाः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: इज्
• Form: Present passive participle (शानच्), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सम्: equally / properly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्

• लोकेषु: in the worlds
• लोकेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• सम्प्राप्ताः: having attained
• सम्प्राप्ताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-प्र-आप्
• Form: Past active participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तुल्यभागताम्: equal share/portion (state of having an equal share)
• तुल्यभागताम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तुल्यभागता
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

युपर्ण उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Viśvedevas
• Pitṛs (ancestors)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches that honoring the ancestors through śrāddha is part of dharma and is cosmically significant: the Viśvedevas are closely associated with the Pitṛs and are entitled to an equal share of the offerings, reinforcing the duty to perform rites with proper reverence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Yuparṇa states a doctrinal point about the presence and status of the Viśvedevas alongside the Pitṛs: they dwell together and, when worshipped, receive the same portion as the ancestors in śrāddha—clarifying ritual theology within the broader discourse of Udyoga Parva.