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Shloka 4

Book 12, Chapter 93 — Vāmadeva’s Counsel to King Vasumanā on Dharmic Kingship (धर्मप्रधान-राजधर्मोपदेशः)

वसुमना नामक एक प्रसिद्ध राजा हो गये हैं, जो ज्ञानवान, धैर्यवान्‌ और पवित्र आचार- विचारवाले थे। उन्होंने एक दिन तपस्वी महर्षि वामदेवजीसे पूछा-- ।। धर्मार्थसहितैर्वाक्यैर्भगवन्ननुशाधि माम्‌ | येन वृत्तेन वै तिष्ठन्‌ न हीयेय॑ं स्वधर्मत:,'भगवन्‌! मैं किस बर्तावका पालन करता रहूँ, जिससे अपने धर्मसे कभी न गिरूँ। आप अपने अर्थ और धर्मयुक्त वचनोंद्वारा मुझे इसी बातका उपदेश दीजिये”

bhīṣma uvāca | vasumanā nāmaka ekaḥ prasiddhaḥ rājā babhūva, yaḥ jñānavān dhairyavān ca pavitrācāra-vicāravān āsīt | sa kadācit tapasvinaṃ maharṣiṃ vāmadevaṃ papraccha— dharmārtha-sahitair vākyair bhagavan anuśādhi mām | yena vṛttena vai tiṣṭhan na hīyeyaṃ svadharmataḥ || bhagavan! ahaṃ kasya vṛttasya pālanaṃ kurvan tiṣṭheyam, yena svadharmāt kadācid api na cyaveyam; dharmārtha-yuktaiḥ vacobhir etad upadiśa ||

Bhīṣma nói: Có một vị vua nổi danh tên Vasumana—sáng suốt, kiên định, và thanh khiết cả trong hạnh lẫn trong tâm. Một ngày kia, nhà vua đến gặp đại hiền tu khổ hạnh Vāmadeva và thưa hỏi: “Bậc Thánh giả, xin dạy cho trẫm bằng lời nói đặt nền trên dharma và mục đích chân chính. Trẫm phải sống theo nếp nào để, khi an trú trong đó, sẽ không bao giờ sa rời bổn phận chính đáng của mình? Xin chỉ giáo điều ấy bằng lời khuyên gìn giữ cả chính nghĩa lẫn lợi ích chân thật.”

धर्मार्थसहितैःwith words accompanied by dharma and artha
धर्मार्थसहितैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मार्थसहित
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
वाक्यैःby words/sayings
वाक्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
भगवन्O venerable one (Lord/Sir)
भगवन्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अनुशाधिinstruct (me)
अनुशाधि:
TypeVerb
Rootअनुशास्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
येनby which
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वृत्तेनby conduct/behavior
वृत्तेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
तिष्ठन्standing/abiding (while following)
तिष्ठन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हीयेयम्I might fall away/decline
हीयेयम्:
TypeVerb
Rootहा
FormOptative, First, Singular, Atmanepada
स्वधर्मतःfrom (my) own duty
स्वधर्मतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King Vasumana
M
Maharshi Vamadeva

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a central ethical inquiry: a ruler should seek a stable rule of conduct (vṛtta) that keeps him firmly established in svadharma. True instruction must integrate dharma (righteousness) with artha (practical welfare), so that moral duty and effective living support each other rather than conflict.

Bhishma introduces an exemplary episode: the famous king Vasumana, known for wisdom and purity, approaches the ascetic seer Vāmadeva and requests guidance. He asks for counsel—rooted in dharma and artha—about what way of life he should follow so he never falls from his rightful duty.