Shloka 11

जब राजा प्रमाद करने लगता है, तब उसकी स्त्री, पुत्र, बान्धव तथा सुहृद् सब मिलकर शोक करते हैं ।। हस्तिनो<श्वाश्न गावश्चाप्युष्टा श्वतरगर्द भा: । अधर्मभूते नृपतौ सर्वे सीदन्ति जन्तवः,राजाके पापपरायण हो जानेपर उसके हाथी, घोड़े, गौ, ऊँट, खच्चर और गदहे आदि सभी पशु दुःख पाते हैं

hastino ’śvāś ca gāvaś cāpy uṣṭrāḥ śvataragardabhāḥ | adharmabhūte nṛpatau sarve sīdanti jantavaḥ ||

Utathya nói: Khi nhà vua đã an trú trong điều phi nghĩa, tai hại không chỉ dừng ở triều đình. Ngay cả loài vật trong vương quốc—voi, ngựa, bò, lạc đà, la và lừa—cũng lâm cảnh khốn khổ; bởi dưới một bậc quân vương bị Adharma chi phối, mọi sinh linh đều héo mòn, suy kiệt.

हस्तिनःelephants
हस्तिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहस्तिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्वाःhorses
अश्वाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गावःcows
गावः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
उष्ट्राःcamels
उष्ट्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
श्वतराःmules (lit. 'shvatara')
श्वतराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्वतर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गर्दभाःdonkeys
गर्दभाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगर्दभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अधर्मभूतेwhen (he) has become unrighteous / in an unrighteous state
अधर्मभूते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअधर्मभूत
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
नृपतौin/when the king
नृपतौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सीदन्तिsuffer / sink into distress
सीदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootसद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
जन्तवःcreatures / living beings
जन्तवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

उतथ्य उवाच

U
Utathya
K
king (nṛpati)
E
elephants
H
horses
C
cattle
C
camels
M
mules
D
donkeys
L
living beings (jantavaḥ)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s adharma harms the entire ecosystem of the kingdom: governance is a moral force whose effects reach beyond humans to all living beings, including animals dependent on the state’s order and care.

In the Shanti Parva’s discourse on rājadharma, Utathya warns that when a king becomes unrighteous, widespread suffering follows—symbolized by the distress of royal and agrarian animals (elephants, horses, cattle, and beasts of burden), implying collapse of prosperity and protection.