Shloka 15

Kośārtha-Rājadharma: Ethical Revenue Collection and Social Regulation (कोशार्थ-राजधर्मः)

Devanagari script

नियम्या: सर्व एवैते ये राष्ट्स्योपघातका: । एते राष्ट्रेईभितिष्ठन्तो बाधन्ते भद्विका: प्रजा:

Transliteration

niyamyāḥ sarva evaite ye rāṣṭrasyopaghātakāḥ | ete rāṣṭre ’bhitiṣṭhanto bādhante bhadrikāḥ prajāḥ ||

Translation

Bhishma nói: Mọi kẻ gây hại cho vương quốc đều phải bị kiềm chế. Nếu để họ ở lại và bén rễ trong cõi nước, họ sẽ cản trở và quấy nhiễu những thần dân sống ngay chính, có đức hạnh, trở thành chướng ngại nghiêm trọng đối với phúc lợi của dân chúng và trật tự đạo lý của quốc gia.

Word by Word

• नियम्याः: to be restrained/controlled
• नियम्याः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नियम्य (√यम्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ये: who/which
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• राष्ट्रस्य: of the kingdom/state
• Type: Noun
• Root: राष्ट्र
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• उपघातकाः: harm-doers/destroyers
• उपघातकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपघातक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• राष्ट्रे: in the kingdom/state
• राष्ट्रे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राष्ट्र
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• अभितिष्ठन्तः: staying/remaining (there)
• अभितिष्ठन्तः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभितिष्ठत् (अभि-√स्था)
• Form: Present (participle), Plural

• बाधन्ते: they obstruct/afflict
• Type: Verb
• Root: √बाध्
• Form: Present, 3, Plural, Ātmanepada

• भद्रिकाः: good/virtuous
• भद्रिकाः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भद्रिक
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• प्रजाः: subjects/people
• प्रजाः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

Speaker

भीष्य उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• rāṣṭra (the kingdom/state)
• prajā (subjects/people)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A king must protect social and moral order by restraining those who harm the state and who obstruct the welfare of respectable, law-abiding subjects; governance includes active regulation and punishment when needed.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship, Bhishma advises the ruler that people who damage the kingdom should not be allowed to entrench themselves in the realm, because their presence becomes a direct obstacle to the well-being of good citizens.