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Shloka 34

Vyavahāra-Śuddhi and Rājadharma: Clean Administration, Counsel, and Proportional Punishment

Chapter 86

एतच्छास्त्रार्थतत्त्वं तु मया55ख्यातं तवानघ । अविश्वासो नरेन्द्राणां गुह्मां परममुच्यते

etacchāstrārthatattvaṃ tu mayākhyātaṃ tavānagha | aviśvāso narendrāṇāṃ guhyāṃ paramam ucyate ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Hỡi người vô tội, ta đã giảng cho ngươi chân tủy của ý nghĩa và dụng ý nơi lời dạy này. Hãy biết rằng đối với các bậc quân vương, ‘sự không tin’—tức sự thận trọng sáng suốt khi nương cậy người khác—được gọi là bí mật tối thượng, một nguyên tắc nội tâm phải giữ gìn và vận dụng để bảo hộ quốc độ.”

एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शास्त्रार्थतत्त्वम्the true essence of the meaning of the śāstra
शास्त्रार्थतत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्रार्थतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
आख्यातम्has been declared/told
आख्यातम्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-ख्या
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
तवto you/for you
तव:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
अनघO sinless one
अनघ:
TypeNoun (vocative epithet)
Rootअनघ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अविश्वासःdistrust/lack of faith
अविश्वासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअविश्वास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नरेन्द्राणाम्of kings (lords of men)
नरेन्द्राणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
गुह्यम्a secret
गुह्यम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootगुह्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
परमम्supreme/very great
परमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said/is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma frames a key principle of rāja-dharma: a ruler must practice aviśvāsa—measured distrust or vigilant caution—as a guarded, high-level secret, because uncritical trust can endanger governance, security, and justice.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma is instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and kingship. Here he concludes a point by saying he has revealed the essence of the teaching and highlights “prudent distrust” as a confidential maxim particularly relevant to kings.