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Shloka 21

ऋत्विग्धर्मः, दक्षिणा-न्यायः, तपसः परमार्थः

Ritvij-Dharma, the Norm of Dakṣiṇā, and the Higher Meaning of Tapas

सर्व जिद्ठां मृत्युपदमार्जवं ब्रह्मण: पदम्‌ । एतावान्‌ ज्ञानविषय: कि प्रलाप: करिष्यति,सारी कुटिलता मृत्युका स्थान है और सरलता परब्रह्मकी प्राप्तिका स्थान है। इतना ही ज्ञानका विषय है और सब प्रलापमात्र है, वह किस काम आयेगा?

sarvaṁ jihvāṁ mṛtyu-padam ārjavaṁ brahmaṇaḥ padam | etāvān jñāna-viṣayaḥ kiṁ pralāpaḥ kariṣyati ||

Bhishma nói: “Mọi sự quanh co đều là một trạm trên con đường dẫn đến tử vong; sự ngay thẳng là trạm dẫn đến Brahman. Chỉ bấy nhiêu là phạm vi của tri kiến chân thật—còn lắm lời thêm nữa thì ích gì?”

सर्वाall (entire)
सर्वा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
जिह्वाtongue; speech
जिह्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजिह्वा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मृत्युपदम्the state/abode of death
मृत्युपदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु-पद
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आर्जवम्straightforwardness; simplicity
आर्जवम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआर्जव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्मणःof Brahman
ब्रह्मणः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
पदम्state; abode; goal
पदम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपद
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एतावान्this much; only so much
एतावान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएतावत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञानविषयःthe scope/object of knowledge
ज्ञानविषयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान-विषय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
किम्what?
किम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रलापःidle talk; prattle
प्रलापः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रलाप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
करिष्यतिwill do/make
करिष्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahman
D
Death (Mṛtyu)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma contrasts moral crookedness (kutilatā) with straightforward sincerity (ārjava): deceit and duplicity lead to ruin, while simplicity and rectitude lead toward Brahman (liberation). He dismisses further clever argumentation as mere pralāpa—talk without transformative value.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and conduct, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira. Here he distills the ethical message into a sharp maxim: cultivate straightforwardness as the spiritual path, and avoid vain disputation or rhetorical excess.