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Shloka 15

ऋत्विग्धर्मः, दक्षिणा-न्यायः, तपसः परमार्थः

Ritvij-Dharma, the Norm of Dakṣiṇā, and the Higher Meaning of Tapas

पुमान्‌ यज्ञश्न सोमश्च न्यायवृत्तो यदा भवेत्‌ | अन्यायवृत्त: पुरुषो न परस्य न चात्मन:

pumān yajñaśna somaś ca nyāyavṛtto yadā bhavet | anyāyavṛttaḥ puruṣo na parasya na cātmanaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Khi người thọ hưởng phần tế lễ, Soma, và chính người cử hành tế lễ—cả ba—đều an lập trong công chính và hạnh kiểm đúng đắn, thì tế lễ mới thật sự được hoàn thành đúng hình thức. Còn kẻ theo đường bất nghĩa thì không thể làm lợi cho người khác, cũng chẳng làm lợi cho chính mình.”

पुमान्a man
पुमान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुमांस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यज्ञश्नःone who eats of the sacrifice (partakes of yajña-food)
यज्ञश्नः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयज्ञश्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सोमःSoma (soma-juice / Soma)
सोमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसोम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
न्यायवृत्तःof righteous conduct
न्यायवृत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootन्यायवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
भवेत्would be / should be / becomes
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अन्यायवृत्तःof unrighteous conduct
अन्यायवृत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्यायवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःa man
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परस्यof another (person)
परस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yajna (sacrifice)
S
Soma

Educational Q&A

Ritual action becomes genuinely fruitful only when it is grounded in justice and ethical conduct; unrighteous behavior undermines both social good and personal welfare.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma explains to the listener that the integrity of a sacrifice depends on the moral rectitude of all involved—sacrificer, participants, and the Soma offering—while condemning the futility of unjust conduct.