Shloka 32

राजधर्मः—प्रजापालनं दानयज्ञश्च

Royal Duty—Protection of Subjects, Generosity, and Sacrificial Discipline

Devanagari script

यं हि वैद्या: कुले जाता ह्वृत्तिभयपीडिता: । प्राप्य तृप्ता: प्रतिष्ठन्ति धर्म:को5भ्यधिकस्तत:,जीवन-निर्वाहका कोई उपाय न होनेके कारण जो भयसे पीड़ित रहते हैं, ऐसे कुलीन एवं विद्वान्‌ पुरुष जिस राजाका आश्रय लेकर संतुष्ट हो प्रतिष्ठापूर्वक रहने लगते हैं, उस राजाके लिये इससे बढ़कर धर्मकी बात और क्या होगी?

Transliteration

yaṃ hi vaidyāḥ kule jātā vṛttibhaya-pīḍitāḥ | prāpya tṛptāḥ pratiṣṭhanti dharmo 'bhyadhikas tataḥ ||

Translation

Bhishma nói: Khi những người học rộng, xuất thân cao quý—những thầy thuốc theo dòng tộc—bị nỗi sợ về kế sinh nhai dày vò, rồi nhờ nương tựa sự che chở của một vị vua mà được an lòng, sống yên ổn với phẩm giá và chỗ đứng vững vàng, thì đối với vị vua ấy còn có hành vi dharma nào lớn hơn thế nữa?

Word by Word

• {'yaṃ': 'whom

• that (king) whom', 'hi': 'indeed

• for', 'vaidyāḥ': 'physicians

• learned medical men', 'kule jātāḥ': 'born in a (good/noble) family

• of reputable lineage', 'vṛtti': 'means of livelihood

• subsistence', 'bhaya': 'fear

• anxiety', 'pīḍitāḥ': 'afflicted

• oppressed', 'prāpya': 'having reached/obtained

• having taken refuge with', 'tṛptāḥ': 'satisfied

• content', 'pratiṣṭhanti': 'stand firm

• live with standing/respectability', 'dharmaḥ': 'righteous duty

• moral merit', 'abhyadhikaḥ': 'greater

• superior', 'tataḥ': 'than that

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• king (rājā, implied)
• vaidyas (physicians)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A king’s highest dharma includes giving refuge and secure livelihood to worthy, learned people who are distressed—so they can live contentedly and with dignity.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on royal duty, Bhishma explains to the ruler that providing protection and stable support to well-born, learned physicians (and by extension other dependents/experts) is a supremely meritorious act of governance.