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Shloka 4

Rājapurohita-lakṣaṇa and Purūravas–Vāyu Saṃvāda

Varṇa, Sovereignty, and Abhaya-dāna

मातरिश्वोवाच ब्राह्मणो मुखत: सृष्टो ब्रह्मणो राजसत्तम । बाहुभ्यां क्षत्रिय: सृष्ट ऊरुभ्यां वैश्य एव च,वायुने कहा--नृपश्रेष्ठ! ब्रह्माजीके मुखसे ब्राह्मणकी, दोनों भुजाओंसे क्षत्रियकी तथा दोनों ऊरुओंसे वैश्यकी सृष्टि हुई है

mātariśvovāca brāhmaṇo mukhataḥ sṛṣṭo brahmaṇo rājasattama | bāhubhyāṁ kṣatriyaḥ sṛṣṭa ūrubhyāṁ vaiśya eva ca ||

Mātariśvan đáp: “Hỡi bậc vương giả tối thượng! Bà-la-môn được tạo ra từ miệng của Brahmā; từ hai cánh tay của Ngài tạo ra Sát-đế-lỵ; và từ hai đùi của Ngài tạo ra Phệ-xá.” Lời dạy này trình bày các vai phận xã hội như phát xuất từ trật tự vũ trụ, ngụ ý rằng dharma phải được hiểu theo chức phận và trách nhiệm đã định, chứ không theo quyền lực hay kiêu hãnh dòng dõi.

मातरिश्वाMātariśvan (Vāyu)
मातरिश्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमातरिश्वन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
ब्राह्मणःthe Brāhmaṇa
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मुखतःfrom the mouth
मुखतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
सृष्टःcreated
सृष्टः:
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
ब्रह्मणःof Brahmā
ब्रह्मणः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
राजसत्तमO best of kings
राजसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootराजसत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
बाहुभ्याम्from the two arms
बाहुभ्याम्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootबाहु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Dual
क्षत्रियःthe Kṣatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सृष्टःcreated
सृष्टः:
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
ऊरुभ्याम्from the two thighs
ऊरुभ्याम्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootऊरु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Dual
वैश्यःthe Vaiśya
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

पुरूरवा उवाच

M
Mātariśvan (Vāyu)
B
Brahmā
B
Brāhmaṇa
K
Kṣatriya
V
Vaiśya

Educational Q&A

The verse frames social duties (varṇa-dharma) as grounded in a cosmic creation narrative: different societal functions arise from different parts of Brahmā, suggesting an ordered distribution of responsibilities—teaching/ritual (Brāhmaṇa), protection/governance (Kṣatriya), and production/trade (Vaiśya).

Mātariśvan (identified with Vāyu) addresses a king (“best of kings”) and explains how the principal social classes were created by Brahmā, using the symbolic imagery of mouth, arms, and thighs to indicate their respective roles in sustaining society.