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Shloka 1

Brāhmaṇa-Dharma, Āśrama Eligibility, and the Primacy of Rāja-Dharma (Śānti Parva 63)

ऑपन--मा जल बछ। जज: द्विषष्टितमो5 ध्याय: ब्राह्मणधर्म और कर्तव्यपालनका महत्त्व युधिषछ्िर उवाच शिवान्‌ सुखान्‌ महोदर्कानहिंस्राल्‍लॉकसम्मतान्‌ । ब्रृहि धर्मान्‌ सुखोपायान्‌ मद्विधानां सुखावहान्‌

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca:

śivān sukhān mahodarkān ahiṃsrān lokasammatān |

brūhi dharmān sukhopāyān madvidhānāṃ sukhāvahān ||

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Bạch Tổ phụ, xin Người hãy giảng về những pháp dharma cát tường, đem lại an lạc—mang lợi ích lớn về sau, không dính đến bạo lực, được đời tôn trọng, là phương tiện dễ thực hành để đạt an ổn—những pháp mà người như con có thể theo một cách thuận hòa và thật sự gặt được hạnh phúc.”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शिवान्auspicious
शिवान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशिव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सुखान्pleasant; happiness-giving
सुखान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
महोदर्कान्having great future result
महोदर्कान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहोदर्क
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अहिंस्रान्non-violent; not involving injury
अहिंस्रान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअहिंस्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
लोकसम्मतान्approved by the world
लोकसम्मतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootलोकसम्मत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
ब्रूहिtell; describe
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मान्duties; dharmas
धर्मान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सुखोपायान्means to happiness
सुखोपायान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुखोपाय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मद्विधानाम्of people like me
मद्विधानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमद्विध
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
सुखावहान्bringing happiness
सुखावहान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुखावह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

युधिषछ्िर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (addressed as pitāmaha, ‘grandfather’)

Educational Q&A

Yudhiṣṭhira frames dharma as something that should be both ethically sound (non-violent, socially responsible) and practically livable, asking for guidance on duties that reliably produce welfare and happiness over the long term.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue, Yudhiṣṭhira turns to Bhīṣma for instruction and requests a description of auspicious, non-violent, socially endorsed forms of dharma suitable for someone in his position to practice.