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Shloka 78

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

दण्डेन नीयते चेदं दण्डं नयति वा पुनः । दण्डनीतिरिति ख्याता त्रीललॉकानभिवर्तते

daṇḍena nīyate cedaṃ daṇḍaṃ nayati vā punaḥ | daṇḍanītir iti khyātā trīl lokān abhivartate ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Nhờ hình phạt (daṇḍa) mà thế gian này được dẫn dắt và giữ vững trên chính đạo; hoặc nữa, nhà vua, theo giáo huấn ấy, thiết lập phép phạt giữa muôn dân. Vì vậy, học thuật này được tôn xưng là ‘Daṇḍanīti’ (khoa trị quốc bằng hình phạt công chính). Phạm vi của nó lan khắp cả ba cõi.”

दण्डेनby punishment/rod (authority)
दण्डेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
नीयतेis led/regulated
नीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootनी (नयति)
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इदम्this (world/order)
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दण्डम्punishment/rod
दण्डम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नयतिleads/applies
नयति:
TypeVerb
Rootनी (नयति)
FormPresent, Active, Third, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
पुनःagain/further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
दण्डनीतिःpolicy/science of punishment (statecraft)
दण्डनीतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्डनीति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
ख्याताknown/called
ख्याता:
TypeAdjective
Rootख्या (ख्यात)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
त्रीलोकान्the three worlds
त्रीलोकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अभिवर्ततेpervades/extends over
अभिवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्तते) with अभि-
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
daṇḍa
D
daṇḍanīti
T
three worlds (triloka)

Educational Q&A

Social order is maintained when authority applies daṇḍa (punishment/discipline) in accordance with śāstra; this principled administration of punishment is called daṇḍanīti, a foundational element of rājadharma.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma explains to Yudhiṣṭhira why the science of governance is termed daṇḍanīti: it guides the world by enforcing discipline and enables the king to establish lawful restraint among subjects.