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Shloka 61

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

वाक्पारुष्यं तथोग्रत्वं दण्डपारुष्यमेव च | आत्मनो निग्रहस्त्यागो हार्थदूषणमेव च

vāk-pāruṣyaṃ tathogratvaṃ daṇḍa-pāruṣyam eva ca | ātmano nigrahas tyāgo hārtha-dūṣaṇam eva ca ||

Bhishma nói: “Lời nói cay nghiệt, tính khí hung bạo, sự tàn nhẫn trong hình phạt, giam giữ thân thể (cưỡng bức hay bỏ tù), đoạn tuyệt một người hoàn toàn, và gây tổn hại về tài sản—sáu điều ấy được nêu trong giáo huấn như những tệ nạn phát sinh từ cơn giận. Chúng cho thấy khi phẫn nộ không được chế ngự, nó tràn từ dao động nội tâm ra lời nói, bạo lực cưỡng ép, đổ vỡ quan hệ, và thiệt hại vật chất.”

वाक्पारुष्यंharshness of speech
वाक्पारुष्यं:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाक् + पारुष्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाand; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
उग्रत्वंfierceness; violence
उग्रत्वं:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउग्रत्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दण्डपारुष्यम्harshness of punishment; severity of the rod
दण्डपारुष्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड + पारुष्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
निग्रहःrestraint; confinement
निग्रहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिग्रह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्यागःabandonment; renunciation
त्यागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्याग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हाalas; (interjection)
हा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहा
अर्थदूषणम्spoiling of wealth; financial harm
अर्थदूषणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ + दूषण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Anger is not merely an inner emotion; it manifests as specific harmful behaviors—abusive speech, violent intensity, cruel punishment, physical confinement, permanent abandonment, and financial injury. Dharma requires recognizing these outward forms and restraining anger before it becomes social and material harm.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Bhishma enumerates concrete ‘anger-born vices’ as part of his ethical guidance, warning how wrath corrupts judgment and leads to escalating wrongdoing in personal and political life.