Shloka 49

Devanagari script

अन्निदैर्गरदैश्वैव प्रतिरूपककारकै: । श्रेणिमुख्योपजापेन वीरुधश्छेदनेन च

Transliteration

annidair garadaiś caiva pratirūpakakārakaiḥ | śreṇimukhyopajāpena vīrudhaś chedanena ca

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Bởi kẻ phóng hỏa, bởi kẻ đầu độc, bởi kẻ làm hàng giả; bởi việc mua chuộc đồi bại các thủ lĩnh phường hội; và bởi việc chặt phá dây leo cùng cây cỏ—(những hành vi ấy đều bị kể vào hàng trọng tội).”

Word by Word

अन्निदैःby food-givers (providers of food)

गरदैःby poisoners / poison-givers

चand

एवindeed / just

प्रतिरूपककारकैःby makers of counterfeits / forgers

श्रेणिमुख्योपजापेनby bribery/secret instigation of guild-leaders (chiefs of corporations)

वीरुधःcreepers / vines

छेदनेनby cutting / by severing

चand

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

Bhīṣma

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhīṣma identifies destructive and deceitful acts—arson, poisoning, counterfeiting, corrupt manipulation of guild leadership, and wanton destruction of vegetation—as serious ethical violations because they endanger life, erode trust, and damage communal welfare.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma is listing categories of harmful wrongdoing, moving from direct physical threats (fire, poison) to economic deception (counterfeiting, corrupt guild influence) and finally to damage of shared natural resources (cutting plants/creepers).