Shloka 25

राजधर्मस्य नवनीतम्—रक्षा, दण्ड, चार, उत्थान

Rājadharma’s ‘Essence’: Protection, Punishment, Intelligence, and Royal Diligence

Devanagari script

वैशम्पायन उवाच ततो व्यासश्न भगवान्‌ देवस्थानो5श्म एव च | वासुदेव: कृपश्चैव सात्यकि: संजयस्तथा

Transliteration

vaiśampāyana uvāca | tato vyāsaś ca bhagavān devathāno ’śma eva ca | vāsudevaḥ kṛpaś caiva sātyakiḥ sañjayas tathā ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: Tâu vua Janamejaya, nghe lời Bhīṣma, bậc thánh hiền Vyāsa đáng tôn kính—cùng Devathāna và Aśma—và cả Vāsudeva (Śrī Kṛṣṇa), Kṛpa, Sātyaki, cùng Sañjaya đều vô cùng hoan hỷ. Gương mặt rạng ngời niềm vui, họ cất tiếng tán thán và nhiều lần ca ngợi Bhīṣma—sư tử giữa loài người, bậc tối thượng trong hàng người có đức hạnh.

Word by Word

• वैशम्पायनः: Vaiśampāyana
• वैशम्पायनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैशम्पायन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Singular

• ततः: then/thereupon
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• व्यासः: Vyāsa
• व्यासः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यास
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• भगवान्: the venerable/lordly one
• भगवान्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भगवत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• देवस्थानः: Devast(h)āna (proper name)
• देवस्थानः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवस्थान
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अश्मः: Aśman (proper name; lit. stone)
• अश्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एव: indeed/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• वासुदेवः: Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)
• वासुदेवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वासुदेव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कृपः: Kṛpa
• कृपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: also/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• सात्यकिः: Sātyaki
• सात्यकिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सात्यकि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• संजयः: Sañjaya
• संजयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: likewise/so
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Vyāsa
• Devathāna
• Aśma
• Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)
• Kṛpa (Kṛpācārya)
• Sātyaki (Yuyudhāna)
• Sañjaya
• Bhīṣma
• Janamejaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the ethical authority of dharma-teaching: when a truly righteous elder like Bhīṣma speaks, wise and eminent figures respond with approval, reinforcing that moral instruction gains strength through recognition by the learned and virtuous.

What is happening in the narrative?

After Bhīṣma’s discourse, leading figures—Vyāsa, Kṛṣṇa, Kṛpa, Sātyaki, and Sañjaya (with Devathāna and Aśma)—are delighted and publicly commend Bhīṣma, offering repeated praise and affirming the value of his counsel to Janamejaya’s listener-context.