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Shloka 16

राजधर्मस्य नवनीतम्—रक्षा, दण्ड, चार, उत्थान

Rājadharma’s ‘Essence’: Protection, Punishment, Intelligence, and Royal Diligence

उत्थानहीनो राजा हि बुद्धिमानपि नित्यश: । प्रधर्षणीय: शत्रूणां भुजड़ इव निर्विष:,“जो राजा उद्योगहीन होता है, वह बुद्धिमान होनेपर भी विषहीन सर्पके समान सदैव शत्रुओंके द्वारा परास्त होता रहता है

utthānahīno rājā hi buddhimān api nityaśaḥ | pradharṣaṇīyaḥ śatrūṇāṃ bhujaṅga iva nirviṣaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: Dẫu là bậc quân vương thông tuệ, nếu thường xuyên thiếu chí tiến thủ và không chịu nỗ lực, thì sẽ trở thành kẻ dễ bị quân thù khuất phục—như con rắn đã mất nọc độc. Lời dạy là: trí tuệ không đi cùng sự nghiệp bền bỉ thì không thể giữ vững vương quyền; sức mạnh phải được nâng đỡ bằng hành động cảnh giác không ngừng.

उत्थानहीनःdevoid of effort/enterprise
उत्थानहीनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्थानहीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
बुद्धिमान्intelligent
बुद्धिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबुद्धिमन्त्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven/although
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
नित्यशःalways/constantly
नित्यशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्यशस्
प्रधर्षणीयःliable to be overpowered/assailable
प्रधर्षणीयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रधर्षणीय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शत्रूणाम्of enemies
शत्रूणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भुजगःsnake
भुजगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभुजग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
निर्विषःwithout poison/venomless
निर्विषः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्विष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
E
enemies (śatravaḥ)
S
serpent (bhujaṅga)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s intelligence alone is insufficient; without continual initiative and energetic action (utthāna), he becomes vulnerable and easily subdued by enemies—like a venomless snake that cannot deter attackers.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma advises the king on practical governance: he warns that habitual inactivity undermines authority and invites aggression, using a vivid simile to stress the need for constant vigilance and effort.