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Shloka 42

अध्याय ५७ — राज्ञः नित्यप्रयत्नः, रक्षा-प्रधानता, तथा त्याग-नीतिः

Chapter 57: Constant Royal Vigilance, Primacy of Protection, and Principles of Dismissal

तद्राज्ये राज्यकामानां नान्यो धर्म: सनातन: । ऋते रक्षां तु विस्पष्टां रक्षा लोकस्य धारिणी

tad rājye rājyakāmānāṁ nānyo dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ | ṛte rakṣāṁ tu vispaṣṭāṁ rakṣā lokasya dhāriṇī ||

Bhīṣma nói: Đối với các bậc quân vương khao khát và nắm giữ vương quyền, trong cõi nước của mình không có bổn phận vĩnh cửu nào khác ngoài việc bảo hộ thần dân một cách minh bạch và hữu hiệu. Chính sự bảo hộ ấy nâng đỡ thế gian; nhờ che chở muôn dân, nhà vua duy trì trật tự, công lý và nền ổn định của xã hội.

तत्in that
तत्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
राज्येin the kingdom
राज्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
राज्यकामानाम्of those desiring sovereignty
राज्यकामानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराज्यकाम
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यःother
अन्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty / dharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सनातनःeternal
सनातनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ऋतेexcept / without
ऋते:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऋते
रक्षाम्protection
रक्षाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तुindeed / but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
विस्पष्टाम्clear, well-defined
विस्पष्टाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविस्पष्ट
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
रक्षाprotection
रक्षा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
लोकस्यof the world / people
लोकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
धारिणीthe sustainer (female agent-noun)
धारिणी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधारिणी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king(s) (rājānaḥ implied)
K
kingdom (rājya)
P
people/world (loka)

Educational Q&A

A king’s foremost and perennial dharma is the protection of the people; effective safeguarding is presented as the foundation that sustains society and the world’s order.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma teaches Yudhishthira that rulership is justified and sanctified primarily through the ruler’s duty to protect subjects, making security and welfare the king’s central obligation.