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Shloka 61

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

एते चैवापरे चैव दोषा: प्रादुर्भवन्त्युत । नृपतौ मार्दवोपेते हर्षुले च युधिष्ठिर,युधिष्ठि! राजा जब परिहासशील और कोमल-स्वभावका हो जाता है, तब ये ऊपर बताये हुए तथा दूसरे दोष भी प्रकट होते हैं

ete caivāpare caiva doṣāḥ prādurbhavanti uta | nṛpatau mārdavopete harṣule ca yudhiṣṭhira ||

Bhishma nói: “Hỡi Yudhishthira, chính những lỗi ấy—và còn nhiều lỗi khác—ắt sẽ lộ ra khi một vị vua trở nên quá mềm yếu và quen vui cười đùa cợt. Khi sự cứng rắn bị thay bằng lòng mềm mỏng và tiếng cười, phép trị nước sẽ trượt khỏi tay, và các tật xấu khác sẽ theo đó mà sinh.”

एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अपरेother (ones)
अपरे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/also
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
दोषाःfaults/defects
दोषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदोष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रादुर्भवन्तिarise/manifest
प्रादुर्भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रादुर्भू
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
उतalso/and further
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
नृपतौin the king
नृपतौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मार्दवोपेतेendowed with softness/gentleness
मार्दवोपेते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमार्दव-उपेत
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हर्षुलेplayful/jesting
हर्षुले:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootहर्षुल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhishthira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
K
King (nṛpa)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must balance kindness with firmness; when a king becomes excessively soft and playful, governance weakens and multiple faults naturally arise, harming order and dharma.

In the Shanti Parva discourse on rajadharma, Bhishma continues instructing Yudhishthira, warning that a king’s indulgent, joking temperament and over-gentleness become causes for the emergence of further political and moral defects.