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Shloka 4

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

त्रिवर्गों हि समासक्तो राजधर्मेषु कौरव । मोक्षधर्मश्ष विस्पष्ट: सकलो<त्र समाहित:

trivargo hi samāsakto rājadharmeṣu kaurava | mokṣadharmaś ca vispaṣṭaḥ sakalo ’tra samāhitaḥ ||

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Ôi Kaurava, trong bổn phận của vương đạo, ba mục tiêu của đời người—dharma, artha và kāma—đều được ràng buộc và vận hành cùng nhau. Và cũng hiển nhiên rằng toàn bộ giáo pháp về giải thoát (mokṣa-dharma), trong sự viên mãn của nó, cũng được hàm chứa nơi rāja-dharma.”

त्रिवर्गःthe triad (dharma-artha-kama)
त्रिवर्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिवर्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
समासक्तःattached/engaged
समासक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-सञ्ज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
राजधर्मेषुin the duties/laws of kingship
राजधर्मेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
कौरवO Kaurava
कौरव:
TypeNoun
Rootकौरव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मोक्षधर्मःthe dharma of liberation
मोक्षधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमोक्षधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विस्पष्टःclearly (set forth)/evident
विस्पष्टः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविस्पष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सकलःentire/whole
सकलः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसकल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अत्रhere/in this (context)
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
समाहितःincluded/contained; brought together
समाहितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-धा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
कुरुनन्दनO joy of the Kurus
कुरुनन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरुनन्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिषछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
Kaurava (addressee)
R
Rāja-dharma
T
Trivarga (dharma-artha-kāma)
M
Mokṣa-dharma

Educational Q&A

Rāja-dharma is not merely political technique; it integrates the full spectrum of human aims (dharma, artha, kāma) and can also encompass the principles that lead toward mokṣa. Ethical governance is presented as a comprehensive discipline with spiritual depth.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on governance and ethics, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a Kuru elder/kinsman and frames the discussion: the science of kingship contains within it both worldly responsibilities and the broader moral-spiritual teachings, including those oriented to liberation.