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Shloka 21

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

कुरुनन्दन! तुम सभी कार्योंमें सरलता एवं कोमलताका अवलम्बन करना, परंतु नीतिशास्त्रकी आलोचनासे यह ज्ञात होता है कि अपने छिद्र, अपनी मन्त्रणा तथा अपने कार्य-यकौशल--इन तीन बातोंको गुप्त रखनेमें सरलताका अवलम्बन करना उचित नहीं है ।।

kurunandana! tvaṁ sarvakāryeṣu saralatāṁ ca mṛdutāṁ cāvalambasva; nītiśāstrālocanayā tu jñāyate—svacchidraṁ svamantraṇāṁ svakārya-yakauśalaṁ ca, etāni trīṇi guhyāni kartum saralatā na yuktā. mṛdur hi rājā satataṁ laṅghyo bhavati sarvaśaḥ; tīkṣṇāc codvijate lokas tasmād ubhayam āśraya.

Bhīṣma nói: “Hỡi hậu duệ Kuru, trong mọi việc nhìn chung con nên nương vào sự ngay thẳng và lòng nhu hòa. Nhưng sự khảo xét của minh triết chính trị cho thấy: không nên ‘đơn sơ’ trong việc giữ kín ba điều—những chỗ yếu của mình, mưu nghị (mantra) của mình, và tài khéo trong việc thi hành kế hoạch. Vua chỉ mềm mỏng mãi thì bị coi thường và mệnh lệnh bị vượt; còn chỉ nghiêm khắc thì dân chúng hoảng sợ và oán giận. Vì vậy, hãy nương cả hai—nhu và cương—tùy theo điều thế cuộc đòi hỏi.”

मृदुःgentle (one)
मृदुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमृदु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सततम्always/constantly
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
लङ्घ्यःto be transgressed/overstepped
लङ्घ्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootलङ्घ्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवतिbecomes/is
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्वशःin every way
सर्वशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वशस्
तीक्ष्णात्from harshness/harsh conduct
तीक्ष्णात्:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootतीक्ष्ण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उद्विजतेis agitated/shrinks away
उद्विजते:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्+विज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
लोकःpeople/the world
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
उभयम्both (things)
उभयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउभय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आश्रयresort to/adopt
आश्रय:
TypeVerb
Rootआ+श्रि
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
Kurunandana (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
R
rājā (the king, as a role/ideal type)
L
loka (the people)

Educational Q&A

A ruler should balance gentleness with necessary severity. Straightforwardness is good in general conduct, but not in matters that must remain confidential—one’s vulnerabilities, strategic counsel, and operational skill—because excessive softness invites disobedience while excessive harshness alienates the people.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira principles of governance after the war, emphasizing practical political wisdom: maintain public benevolence, but protect state secrets and enforce authority with measured firmness.