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Shloka 15

Adhyāya 55 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Hesitation and Bhīṣma’s Authorization of Inquiry

Rājadharma Prelude

पितृन्‌ पितामहान्‌ भ्रातृन्‌ गुरून्‌ सम्बन्धिबान्धवान्‌ | मिथ्याप्रवृत्तान्‌ यः संख्ये निहन्याद्‌ धर्म एव सः

pitṝn pitāmahān bhrātṝn gurūn sambandhi-bāndhavān | mithyāpravṛttān yaḥ saṅkhye nihanyād dharma eva saḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Dẫu họ là cha và tổ phụ, là anh em, là thầy dạy, là thân quyến của chính mình—nhưng khi họ đã bước theo con đường giả trá và bất chính—thì ai giết họ nơi chiến trận, ngay trong hành động ấy, mới là dharma chân thật.”

पितॄन्fathers
पितॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पितामहान्grandfathers
पितामहान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भ्रातॄन्brothers
भ्रातॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गुरून्teachers/elders
गुरून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सम्बन्धिrelations (kinsmen)
सम्बन्धि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसम्बन्धिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
बान्धवान्kinsmen/friends
बान्धवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबान्धव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मिथ्याwrongly/false(ly)
मिथ्या:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमिथ्या
प्रवृत्तान्engaged/turned (towards)
प्रवृत्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवृत्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संख्येin battle
संख्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंख्या
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
निहन्यात्should slay
निहन्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, नि
धर्मःdharma/righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सःhe/that (act)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (भीष्म)
P
pitṛ (fathers/forefathers)
P
pitāmaha (grandfathers/ancestors)
B
bhrātṛ (brothers)
G
guru (teachers/elders)
S
sambandhi-bāndhava (relatives/kinsmen)
S
saṅkhya (battle/war)

Educational Q&A

If close kin and revered elders have adopted an unrighteous course (mithyāpravṛtti), then opposing them—even to the point of killing in a just battle—is counted as dharma, because allegiance to truth and righteousness supersedes personal attachment.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma articulates a hard ethical principle for wartime duty: when relatives become agents of falsehood and adharma, a warrior’s obligation to uphold dharma can require fighting them without being restrained by familial bonds.