Shloka 4

Adhyāya 42 (Śānti Parva): Śrāddha, Aurdhvadaihika Rites, and Royal Welfare Measures

Devanagari script

धृष्टद्युम्नाभिमन्युभ्यां हैडिम्बस्य च रक्षस: । विराटप्रभृतीनां च सुहददामुपकारिणाम्‌

Transliteration

dhṛṣṭadyumnābhimanyubhyāṃ haiḍimbasya ca rakṣasaḥ | virāṭaprabhṛtīnāṃ ca suhṛdāṃ upakāriṇām ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: (Ngài nhắc đến) Dhṛṣṭadyumna và Abhimanyu, lại cả dạ-xoa (rākṣasa) Haiḍimba; cùng Virāṭa và những người khác—bè bạn thân thiết và các ân nhân đã từng ra tay trợ giúp.

Word by Word

• धृष्टद्युम्नाभिमन्युभ्याम्: by Dhrishtadyumna and Abhimanyu
• धृष्टद्युम्नाभिमन्युभ्याम्: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न + अभिमन्यु
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Dual

• हैडिम्बस्य: of (the) Haidimba
• हैडिम्बस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: हैडिम्ब
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• रक्षसः: of the rākṣasa (demon)
• रक्षसः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्षस्
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• विराटप्रभृतीनाम्: of Virāṭa and others
• विराटप्रभृतीनाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: विराट + प्रभृति
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सुहृदाम्: of friends
• सुहृदाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुहृद्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• उपकारिणाम्: of benefactors / helpers
• उपकारिणाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उपकारिन्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• Abhimanyu
• Haiḍimba (rākṣasa)
• Virāṭa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical duty of gratitude: remembering and honoring friends and benefactors who offered support, especially in times of crisis. Such remembrance reinforces dharma by valuing loyalty, service, and reciprocal responsibility.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana is listing notable allies—Dhṛṣṭadyumna, Abhimanyu, the rākṣasa Haiḍimba, and Virāṭa among others—characterizing them as friends and helpers. It functions as a recollection or enumeration of supportive figures connected with the Pāṇḍavas’ cause.