Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 18

Prāyaścitta-vidhāna: Tapas, Dāna, Vrata, and Proportional Expiation (प्रायश्चित्तविधानम्)

क्षयं शोकं प्रकुर्वाणो न म्रियेत यदा नर: । शस्त्रादिभिरुपाविष्ट स्त्रिरात्रं तत्र निर्दिशेत्‌

kṣayaṃ śokaṃ prakurvāṇo na mriyeta yadā naraḥ | śastrādibhir upāviṣṭaḥ strirātraṃ tatra nirdiśet ||

Vyāsa nói: Nếu một người, bị nỗi sầu khổ và sự suy sụp phủ chụp, ngồi xuống với ý định chết—dù là nhịn ăn cho đến chết hay tìm cách tự hủy bằng vũ khí và những thứ tương tự—nhưng rốt cuộc không chết, thì ngay cả trong trường hợp ấy cũng phải định cho người ấy một kỳ trai giới ba đêm để chuộc lỗi cho hành vi đáng chê trách mà mình đã toan làm.

क्षयम्wasting away, emaciation
क्षयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शोकम्grief
शोकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रकुर्वाणःdoing, causing (to arise)
प्रकुर्वाणः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + कृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
म्रियेतshould die / would die
म्रियेत:
TypeVerb
Rootमृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शस्त्रादिभिःwith weapons and the like
शस्त्रादिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशस्त्रादि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
उपाविष्टःhaving sat down (undertaking)
उपाविष्टः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउप + आ + सद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
स्त्रिरात्रम्a three-night (fast/penance)
स्त्रिरात्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिरात्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तत्रthere, in that case
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
निर्दिशेत्should prescribe, should indicate
निर्दिशेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनि + दिश्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
W
weapons (śastra)

Educational Q&A

Even an unsuccessful attempt at self-destruction—motivated by grief or loss—is treated as a blameworthy act in dharma discourse, and it requires expiation; here, the prescribed remedy is a three-night fast.

Vyāsa states a rule of conduct and penance: if a person, driven by sorrow, undertakes fasting to death or tries to kill himself with weapons but survives, a three-night observance (fast) should be enjoined to remove the fault of the attempted act.