Shloka 45

Āścarya-kathana: Brāhmaṇa–Nāga Dialogue on Sūrya (Vivasvat) and the ‘Second Sun’ Phenomenon

Devanagari script

गृहीतो ब्रह्मणा राजन प्रयुक्तश्न यथाविधि । अध्यापिताश्च मुनयो नाम्ना बर्हिषदो नूप

Transliteration

gṛhīto brahmaṇā rājan prayuktaś ca yathāvidhi | adhyāpitāś ca munayo nāmnā barhiṣado nṛpa ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Hỡi Đại vương, Brahmā đã tiếp nhận Dharma này và vận dụng đúng theo phép tắc. Rồi, hỡi bậc chúa tể loài người, Ngài khiến các hiền giả được gọi là Barhiṣad học tập và tinh thông nó.”

Word by Word

• गृहीतः: taken/accepted
• गृहीतः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: ग्रह् (धातु) → गृहीत (कृदन्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• ब्रह्मणा: by Brahmā
• ब्रह्मणा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• प्रयुक्तः: employed/used
• प्रयुक्तः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज् (धातु) → प्रयुक्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• यथा: as/according to
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• विधि: in the prescribed manner; according to rule
• विधि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• अध्यापिताः: were taught (made to study)
• अध्यापिताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अधि-आप्/आप् (धातु) → अध्यापित (कृदन्त, णिच्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle, causative sense)

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• मुनयः: sages
• मुनयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुनि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नाम्ना: by name; named
• नाम्ना: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• बर्हिषदः: the Barhiṣads
• बर्हिषदः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: बर्हिषद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नृप: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Brahmā
• King (addressed as rājan/nṛpa)
• Barhiṣad munis (Barhiṣadas)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma is not merely declared but must be properly adopted and applied (yathāvidhi), and its authority is strengthened through disciplined transmission from a primordial source (Brahmā) to recognized sages (the Barhiṣads).

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana reports that Brahmā first accepted and practiced the stated dharma according to rule, and then formally instructed a group of sages called the Barhiṣads, establishing a lineage of learning and practice.