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Shloka 38

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

अह:ःसु सततं तिष्ठेदभ्याकाशं निशां स्वपन्‌ । त्रिरह्नि त्रिर्निशायां च सवासा जलमाविशेत्‌

ahaḥsu satataṁ tiṣṭhed abhyākāśaṁ niśāṁ svapan | trir ahni trir niśāyāṁ ca savāsā jalam āviśet ||

Vyāsa nói: “Hãy đứng liên tục suốt ban ngày, và ban đêm ngủ dưới bầu trời trống trải. Ba lần ban ngày và ba lần ban đêm, dù đang mặc y phục, hãy bước xuống nước (để tắm gội).” Trong khuôn khổ đạo hạnh này, đó là kỷ luật khổ hạnh và thanh tẩy nghi lễ; người ‘hai lần sinh’ giữ lời nguyện như vậy được nói là thoát khỏi các tội lỗi đã làm do vô minh.

अहःसुin the days / during daytime
अहःसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
सततम्constantly
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
तिष्ठेत्should stand / should remain
तिष्ठेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अभ्याकाशम्in the open sky / in the open (place)
अभ्याकाशम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअभ्याकाश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
निशाम्the night (as time-span)
निशाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिशा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
स्वपन्sleeping
स्वपन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्वप्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रिःthrice
त्रिः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिः
अह्निin the day
अह्नि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
त्रिःthrice
त्रिः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिः
निशायाम्in the night
निशायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिशा
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सवासाclothed / with garments on
सवासा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस-वासा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जलम्water
जलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आविशेत्should enter
आविशेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootविश्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
W
water (jala)
O
open sky (abhyākāśa)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches rigorous self-restraint and bodily discipline as a form of expiation and purification: sustained endurance (standing by day), simplicity (sleeping under the open sky), and repeated ritual bathing are presented as means to cleanse faults—especially those arising from ignorance—when undertaken as a formal vow.

Within Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and remedial practices, Vyāsa prescribes a specific austerity-based observance (vrata/prāyaścitta), detailing its daily regimen (posture, sleeping conditions, and frequency of bathing) as part of guidance on how a dvija may atone for unintended wrongdoing.