Shloka 28

Nāga–Nāgabhāryā Saṃvāda: Varṇa-Dharma, Gṛhastha-Discipline, and Mokṣa-Self-Inquiry

Mahābhārata 12.347

Devanagari script

सम: सर्वेषु भूतेषु ईश्वर: सुखदुःखयो: । महान्‌ महात्मा सर्वात्मा नारायण इति श्रुति:

Transliteration

samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu īśvaraḥ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ | mahān mahātmā sarvātmā nārāyaṇa iti śrutiḥ ||

Translation

Nārada tuyên bố: Đấng Chúa Tể—chủ của cả lạc và khổ—ngự trong mọi loài với tâm bình đẳng. Thánh truyền Veda (śruti) xác nhận Ngài là Nārāyaṇa: bậc Đại, bậc Đại Tâm, và là Tự Ngã của muôn loài.

Word by Word

• समः: equal, impartial
• समः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वेषु: in all
• सर्वेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• भूतेषु: in beings/creatures
• भूतेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• ईश्वरः: the Lord, ruler
• ईश्वरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सुखदुःखयोः: of pleasure and pain
• सुखदुःखयोः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख-दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Dual

• महान्: great
• महान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महात्मा: great-souled one
• महात्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वात्मा: the Self of all
• सर्वात्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्वात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नारायणः: Narayana (Vishnu)
• नारायणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नारायण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• श्रुतिः: the Shruti/scripture; revelation
• श्रुतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रुति
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

नारद उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Nārada
• Nārāyaṇa (Hari/Viṣṇu)
• Śruti (Vedic revelation)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

God (Nārāyaṇa) is impartial and present equally in all beings, transcending the dualities of pleasure and pain; therefore one should cultivate samatā (equanimity) and respect all life as per śruti.

What is happening in the narrative?

Nārada is speaking within the Śānti Parva’s instruction-oriented setting, citing śruti to affirm Nārāyaṇa’s supreme status and universal indwelling presence as a basis for ethical conduct and inner steadiness.