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Shloka 9

Atithi’s Direction to the Nāga-sage Padma at Naimiṣa (अतिथ्युपदेशः—नैमिषे पद्मनागोपाख्यानप्रस्तावः)

तस्येदानीं तमस: सम्भवस्य पुरुषस्य ब्रह्मयोने-ब्रह्मण: प्रादुर्भावे स पुरुष: प्रजा: सिसृक्षमाणो नेत्राभ्यामग्नीषोमौ ससर्ज । ततो भूतसर्गेषु सृष्टेषु प्रजाक्रमवशाद्‌ ब्रह्मक्षत्रमुपातिषछठत्‌ | यः सोमस्तद्‌ ब्रह्म यद्‌ ब्रद्यम ते ब्राह्मणा यो<ग्निस्तत्‌ क्षत्रं क्षत्राद्‌ ब्रह्म बलवत्तरम्‌ । कस्मादिति लोकप्रत्यक्षगुणमेतत्‌तद्यथा ।॥ ब्राह्मणेभ्य: परं भूत॑ नोत्पन्नपूर्व दीप्यमानेडग्नौ जुहोति । यो ब्राह्मणमुखे जुहोतीति कृत्वा ब्रवीमि भूतसर्ग: कृतो ब्रह्मणा भूतानि च प्रतिष्ठाप्य त्रैलोक्यं धार्यत इति मन्त्रवादोडपि हि भवति

tasye'dānīṁ tamasaḥ sambhavasya puruṣasya brahmayoneḥ brahmaṇaḥ prādurbhāve sa puruṣaḥ prajāḥ sisṛkṣamāṇo netrābhyām agnīṣomau sasarja | tato bhūtasargeṣu sṛṣṭeṣu prajākramavaśād brahmakṣatram upātiṣṭhat | yaḥ somaḥ tad brahma yad brahma tad brāhmaṇāḥ yo'gnis tat kṣatraṁ kṣatrād brahma balavattaram | kasmād iti lokapratyakṣaguṇam etat tad yathā | brāhmaṇebhyaḥ paraṁ bhūtaṁ notpannapūrvaṁ dīpyamāne'gnau juhoti | yo brāhmaṇamukhe juhotīti kṛtvā bravīmi bhūtasargaḥ kṛto brahmaṇā bhūtāni ca pratiṣṭhāpya trailokyaṁ dhāryata iti mantravādo'pi hi bhavati |

Arjuna nói: “Khi Brahmā hiển lộ từ Nhân Thể nguyên sơ ấy—đấng sinh từ ‘dạ con của Brahman’ và trỗi dậy từ nguồn của bóng tối—muốn tạo dựng chúng sinh, Nhân Thể ấy đã sinh ra Agni và Soma từ đôi mắt của mình. Rồi khi cuộc tạo lập các yếu tố đã vận hành, theo trật tự sinh thành của muôn loài, hai trật tự xuất hiện: Brahman (nguyên lý tư tế) và Kṣatra (quyền lực vương giả). Soma là Brahman, và Brahman là Brāhmaṇa; Agni là Kṣatra, là giai tầng Kṣatriya. Tuy vậy, Brahman mạnh hơn Kṣatra. Nếu hỏi ‘vì sao?’, điều ấy hiển nhiên trước mắt thế gian: chưa từng có hữu tình nào sinh ra cao hơn Brāhmaṇa. Ai dâng cúng vào miệng một Brāhmaṇa thì như dâng cúng vào ngọn lửa rực cháy. Với sự hiểu biết ấy, ta nói như vậy. Brahmā đã tạo dựng các loài và đặt chúng vào đúng vị trí của mình, nhờ đó ba cõi được nâng đỡ—lời của mantra cũng tuyên bố như thế.”

तस्यof him/its
तस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
इदानीम्now
इदानीम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइदानीम्
तमसःof darkness
तमसः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
Formneuter, genitive, singular
सम्भवस्यof the origin/coming-into-being
सम्भवस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootसम्भव
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
पुरुषस्यof the Person (Puruṣa)
पुरुषस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
ब्रह्मयोनेःof the one whose womb/source is Brahman
ब्रह्मयोनेः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मयोनि
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
ब्रह्मणःof Brahman / of Brahmā (context-dependent)
ब्रह्मणः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
Formneuter, genitive, singular
प्रादुर्भावेat the manifestation/appearance
प्रादुर्भावे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रादुर्भाव
Formmasculine, locative, singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
पुरुषःthe Person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
प्रजाःcreatures/subjects
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
Formfeminine, accusative, plural
सिसृक्षमाणःwishing to create
सिसृक्षमाणः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
Formशतृ (present active participle), masculine, nominative, singular
नेत्राभ्याम्with (his) two eyes
नेत्राभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनेत्र
Formneuter, instrumental, dual
अग्नीषोमौAgni and Soma
अग्नीषोमौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि + सोम
Formmasculine, accusative, dual
ससर्जcreated/emitted
ससर्ज:
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
Formperfect, 3, singular, parasmaipada
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
भूतसर्गेषुin the creations of beings / in the elemental creations
भूतसर्गेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभूतसर्ग
Formmasculine, locative, plural
सृष्टेषुwhen (they were) created
सृष्टेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
Formक्त (past passive participle), masculine, locative, plural
प्रजाक्रमवशात्due to the order/sequence of progeny
प्रजाक्रमवशात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजाक्रमवश
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
ब्रह्मक्षत्रम्Brahminhood and Kshatriyahood (brahma and kṣatra)
ब्रह्मक्षत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्म + क्षत्र
Formneuter, accusative, singular
उपातिष्ठत्came into being/appeared; stood forth
उपातिष्ठत्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (उप + आ + स्था)
Formimperfect, 3, singular, parasmaipada
यःwhich/who
यः:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
सोमःSoma
सोमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसोम
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
ब्रह्मBrahman / sacred power
ब्रह्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
यत्which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
ब्राह्म्यम्Brahmin-nature/Brahminhood
ब्राह्म्यम्:
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootब्राह्म्य
Formneuter, nominative, singular
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
यःwhich/who
यः:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अग्निःAgni (fire)
अग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
क्षत्रम्kṣatra (royal power)/Kshatriya order
क्षत्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्र
Formneuter, nominative, singular
क्षत्रात्than/from kṣatra
क्षत्रात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्र
Formneuter, ablative, singular
ब्रह्मbrahma (Brahmin power)
ब्रह्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
बलवत्तरम्stronger/more powerful
बलवत्तरम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootबलवत्
Formneuter, nominative, singular, comparative
कस्मात्from what cause?/why?
कस्मात्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
Formneuter, ablative, singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
लोकप्रत्यक्षगुणम्a quality evident to the world (publicly perceptible)
लोकप्रत्यक्षगुणम्:
TypeNoun
Rootलोकप्रत्यक्षगुण
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
यथाas/for example
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
P
Puruṣa (cosmic Person)
B
Brahmā
A
Agni
S
Soma
B
Brāhmaṇa (priestly order)
K
Kṣatriya (warrior order)
T
Trailokya (three worlds)

Educational Q&A

The verse grounds social and ritual hierarchy in a cosmogonic myth: Agni and Soma arise from the cosmic Person, and from them emerge Kṣatra and Brahman. It asserts that Brahman (the priestly/spiritual principle, embodied by the Brāhmaṇa) is ‘stronger’ than royal power because society recognizes the Brāhmaṇa as the primary sacrificial recipient—feeding a Brāhmaṇa is likened to offering into sacred fire—and Vedic mantra is cited as supporting this worldview.

Arjuna describes a creation sequence: Brahmā manifests from the primordial Person; Agni and Soma are produced from the Person’s eyes; then, as beings are generated in order, the two powers—Brahman and Kṣatra—appear. Arjuna argues for the precedence and potency of the Brāhmaṇa order by appealing to common observation and sacrificial logic, concluding that Brahmā’s establishment of beings sustains the three worlds, a point reinforced by mantra.