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Shloka 75

Atithi-prāpti and the Brāhmaṇa’s Deliberation on Triadic Dharma (अतिथिप्राप्तिः धर्मत्रयविचारश्च)

यतोऊहं प्रसृतः पूर्वमव्यक्तात्‌ त्रिगुणो महान्‌ | तस्मात्‌ परतरो यो सौ क्षेत्रज्ञ इति कल्पित:,'पूर्वकालमें अव्यक्त प्रकृतिसे जो त्रिगुणात्मक महान्‌ अहंकार प्रकट हुआ था, उससे अत्यन्त परे जिसकी स्थिति है, वह समष्टि चेतन क्षेत्रज्ञ माना गया है

yato'haṃ prasṛtaḥ pūrvam avyaktāt triguṇo mahān | tasmāt parataro yo'sau kṣetrajña iti kalpitaḥ ||

Từ Prakṛti vô hiển (avyakta), nguyên lý vĩ đại—mang ba tính chất do ba guṇa—trước hết triển khai thành “ngã” (ahaṃkāra). Nhưng vượt lên trên cả điều ấy còn có một đấng ở địa vị cao hơn: được quan niệm là Kẻ Biết của Cánh Đồng (kṣetrajña), ý thức phổ quát của toàn thể.

यतःfrom which/whence
यतः:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतस्
FormAblatival adverb (source/causal sense)
अहम्I / the 'ahaṃ' principle (ego-sense)
अहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहम्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
प्रसृतःemerged/issued forth
प्रसृतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-सृ
FormPast passive participle, masculine nominative singular
पूर्वम्formerly/earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
FormTemporal adverb
अव्यक्तात्from the unmanifest (prakṛti)
अव्यक्तात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, ablative, singular
त्रिगुणःthree- गुणas-constituted
त्रिगुणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिगुण
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
महान्the Mahat (cosmic intellect)
महान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
तस्मात्from that/than that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
FormAblatival pronominal adverb (from that)
परतरःhigher/farther beyond
परतरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरतर
FormMasculine, nominative, singular (comparative)
यःwho/which
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
सःhe/that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
क्षेत्रज्ञःknower of the field (conscious self)
क्षेत्रज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्रज्ञ
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
FormQuotative particle
कल्पितःis conceived/considered
कल्पितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकॢप्
FormPast passive participle, masculine nominative singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
A
avyakta (Prakṛti)
T
triguṇa
M
mahān (Mahat)
A
ahaṃkāra (implied by ‘ahaṃ’ as the emergent I-sense)
K
kṣetrajña

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes levels of reality: from unmanifest Prakṛti arises the guṇa-based cosmic principle and the ‘I’-sense, but beyond these evolutes is the higher conscious principle—the universal kṣetrajña—identified as the true knower and basis of experience.

Vaiśampāyana continues a doctrinal exposition in Śānti Parva, presenting a Sāṅkhya-like account of cosmic emergence and then pointing beyond material principles to the supreme conscious knower (kṣetrajña) as the culminating reference point for understanding self and liberation.