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Shloka 55

देवतापितृप्रश्नः — Nārada at Badarīāśrama: the ultimate referent of daiva and pitṛ worship

इहाग्निसूर्यवायव: शरीरमश्रितास्त्रय: | त एव तस्य साक्षिणो भवन्‍न्ति धर्मदर्शिन:,इस लोकमें अग्नि, वायु और सूर्य--ये तीन देवता जीवके शरीरका आश्रय करके रहते हैं। वे ही उसके धर्माचरणको देखनेवाले हैं और वे ही परलोकमें उसके साक्षी होते हैं

ihāgnisūryavāyavaḥ śarīram āśritās trayaḥ | ta eva tasya sākṣiṇo bhavanti dharmadarśinaḥ ||

Ở đời này, ba vị thần—Thần Lửa (Agni), Thần Mặt Trời (Sūrya) và Thần Gió (Vāyu)—nương trú trong thân của hữu tình. Chính các Ngài nhìn thấy sự hành trì dharma của mỗi người, và ở thế giới bên kia các Ngài trở thành những chứng nhân cho người ấy.

इहhere, in this world
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
अग्निfire (deity)
अग्नि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सूर्यsun (deity)
सूर्य:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वायवःwinds; Vāyu (as deity) (pl.)
वायवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शरीरम्body
शरीरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आश्रिताःhaving resorted to; dwelling in
आश्रिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-श्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तस्यof him/it (of that being)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
साक्षिणःwitnesses
साक्षिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भवन्तिbecome; are
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Plural
धर्मदर्शिनःseeing/observing dharma; observers of righteousness
धर्मदर्शिनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मदर्शिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
A
Agni
S
Sūrya
V
Vāyu
Ś
Śarīra (the body)

Educational Q&A

No action is truly hidden: the fundamental cosmic powers present within embodied life—fire, sun, and wind—observe one’s dharmic or adharmic conduct and stand as witnesses, implying moral accountability beyond social surveillance.

Vyāsa states a doctrinal point within Śānti Parva’s ethical instruction: he explains that certain deities dwell in the body and function as observers and post-mortem witnesses of a person’s behavior, reinforcing the seriousness of righteous conduct.