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Shloka 53

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

द्रष्टव्यौ नित्यमेवैतौ तत्परेणान्तरात्मना | तथास्य जन्मनिधने न भवेतां पुनः पुनः

draṣṭavyau nityam evaitau tatpareṇāntarātmanā | tathāsya janma-nidhane na bhavetāṁ punaḥ punaḥ ||

Yājñavalkya nói: “Với nội ngã kiên định hướng về tối thượng, người ta phải luôn chứng tri hai điều ấy—Prakṛti (Tự nhiên) và Puruṣa (Tinh thần). Nhờ tri kiến ấy, người ấy không còn bị xô đẩy trở lại vòng sinh tử lặp đi lặp lại.”

द्रष्टव्यौto be seen/known (ought to be realized)
द्रष्टव्यौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्रष्टव्य (√दृश्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
एतौthese two
एतौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
तत्परेणby one devoted to that (intent on it)
तत्परेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootतत्पर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
अन्तरात्मनाby the inner self
अन्तरात्मना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तरात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तथाthus/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अस्यof him/of this (person)
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
जन्मनिधनेin birth and death
जन्मनिधने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मनिधन
FormNeuter, Locative, Dual
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भवेताम्may (they) be/occur
भवेताम्:
TypeVerb
Root√भू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Dual, Parasmaipada
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
पुनःagain (repeatedly)
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
P
Prakṛti
P
Puruṣa
A
Antarātman (inner Self)

Educational Q&A

Constant inward contemplation, grounded in devotion to the Supreme, should culminate in direct knowledge of Prakṛti and Puruṣa; this discriminative realization cuts the repeated bondage of saṁsāra (birth and death).

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation, the sage Yājñavalkya advises the seeker to maintain inner, single-pointed orientation and to realize the fundamental principles (Nature and Spirit) so that the compulsion toward repeated rebirth ceases.