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Shloka 20

Śuka’s Manifestation from the Araṇi (Āraṇeya-janma) — शुकजन्म (आरणेय-सम्भव)

न चेन्द्रियव्युपरमे मनस्युपरमो भवेत्‌ | एवं मन:प्रधानानि इन्द्रियाणि प्रभावयेत्‌

na cendriyavyuparame manasy uparamo bhavet | evaṁ manaḥ-pradhānāni indriyāṇi prabhāvayet |

Yājñavalkya nói: “Dẫu các giác quan ngừng hoạt động, tâm cũng chưa hẳn đã lặng. Vì thế phải biết rằng trong mọi năng lực, tâm là tối thượng: chính tâm chi phối và thúc đẩy các giác quan. Do đó, sự tự chế không đạt được chỉ bằng cách đóng lại hoạt động của giác quan, mà bằng việc chế ngự tâm đứng sau chúng.”

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इन्द्रियin the sense-organs / with regard to the senses
इन्द्रिय:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
Formneuter, locative, singular
व्युपरमेin the cessation/withdrawal
व्युपरमे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवि + उप + रम् (रमुँ)
Formmasculine, locative, singular
मनसिin the mind
मनसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
Formneuter, locative, singular
उपरमःcessation, quieting
उपरमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपरम
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
भवेत्would be / might occur
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formoptative (vidhiling), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
प्रधानानिchief, predominant
प्रधानानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रधान
Formneuter, nominative, plural
इन्द्रियाणिsense-organs
इन्द्रियाणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
Formneuter, nominative, plural
प्रभावयेत्should make effective / should govern, influence
प्रभावयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + भू (causative: प्रभावयति)
Formoptative (vidhiling), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

याज्ञवल्क्य (Yājñavalkya)
इन्द्रियाणि (the senses)
मनस् (the mind)

Educational Q&A

Mere withdrawal of the senses does not guarantee inner peace; the mind remains active unless it is disciplined. Since the senses are mind-led, true restraint and ethical steadiness come from mastering the mind rather than only suppressing external sense-activity.

In the Śānti Parva’s instructional discourse, the sage Yājñavalkya explains principles of inner discipline to his listener(s), emphasizing psychological causality: the mind is primary and directs the senses, so spiritual practice must address the mind’s movements.