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Shloka 13

Śuka’s Manifestation from the Araṇi (Āraṇeya-janma) — शुकजन्म (आरणेय-सम्भव)

राजेन्द्र! आकाश आदि पाँच महाभूतोंमें क्रमश: शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस और गन्ध--ये विशेष गुण हैं ।।

Yājñavalkya uvāca: Rājendra! ākāśādi pañca mahābhūteṣu kramaśaḥ śabdaḥ sparśaḥ rūpaṃ rasaḥ gandhaś ca—ete viśeṣa-guṇāḥ. Yair āviṣṭāni bhūtāni ahany ahani pārthiva, anyonyaṃ spṛhayanti ete anyonyasya hite ratāḥ. Pṛthvīnātha! pravāha-rūpeṇa sadā vidyamāneṣu manohareṣu śabdādi-viṣayeṣv āviṣṭāḥ sarve prāṇinaḥ pratidinaṃ kadācit anyonyaṃ kāṅkṣanti, kadācit paraspara-hita-sādhane tatparā bhavanti, kadācit anyonyaṃ nīcīkartuṃ ceṣṭante, kadācit īrṣyāṃ kurvanti, kadācit parasparaṃ praharanti ca.

Yājñavalkya nói: “Tâu Đại vương! Trong năm đại chủng, bắt đầu từ hư không, các đặc tính sai biệt lần lượt phát sinh: âm thanh, xúc chạm, sắc tướng, vị, và hương. Bị những thứ ấy trói buộc, muôn loài ngày qua ngày, hỡi bậc chúa tể cõi đất, vừa khao khát nhau, vừa lo toan lợi ích cho nhau. Nhưng, tâu đấng chủ đất, do bị mê hoặc bởi những cảnh trần khả ái—luôn hiện hữu như một dòng chảy liên miên—chúng sinh mỗi ngày khi thì ham muốn nhau, khi thì gắng sức vì lợi ích tương giao, khi thì tìm cách hạ nhục nhau, khi thì bừng cháy bởi ghen ghét, và khi thì còn ra tay đánh đập nhau.”

यैःby which
यैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
आविष्टानिentered/possessed (pervaded)
आविष्टानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-विश्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
भूतानिbeings/creatures
भूतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अहनिin a day
अहनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अहनिin a day (day after day)
अहनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पार्थिवO king (earth-lord)
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अन्योन्यम्one another
अन्योन्यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअन्योन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्पृहयन्तिdesire/long for
स्पृहयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्पृह्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अन्योन्यस्यof one another
अन्योन्यस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootअन्योन्य
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
हितेin (each other's) welfare/benefit
हिते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहित
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
रताःengaged/devoted
रताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootरत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पृथ्वी-नाथO lord of the earth
पृथ्वी-नाथ:
TypeNoun
Rootपृथ्वीनाथ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
R
Rājendra (the king addressed)
P
Pārthiva (the king addressed)
P
Pṛthvīnātha (the king addressed)
Ā
Ākāśa (space/ether)
P
Pañca Mahābhūta (five great elements)
Ś
Śabda
S
Sparśa
R
Rūpa
R
Rasa
G
Gandha

Educational Q&A

The verse explains that beings are driven by the specific qualities of the five elements as they appear as sense-objects (sound, touch, form, taste, smell). Captivation by these produces a repeating cycle of attraction and cooperation, but also rivalry, jealousy, and violence—showing why mastery over the senses is central to ethical life and inner peace.

In a didactic dialogue within the Śānti Parva, the sage Yājñavalkya addresses a king and analyzes everyday social behavior. He traces shifting human relations—desire, mutual help, belittling, envy, and aggression—to the constant stream of sensory experience that overwhelms living beings.