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Shloka 17

Jarā-Mṛtyu-anatikrama: Janaka–Pañcaśikha-saṃvāda

Aging and Death Cannot Be Overstepped

तदा क्षरत्वं प्रकृतिर्गच्छते गुणसंश्रिता । निर्गुणत्वं च वैदेह गुणेष्वप्रतिवर्तनात्‌

tadā kṣaratvaṁ prakṛtir gacchate guṇa-saṁśritā | nirguṇatvaṁ ca vaideha guṇeṣv aprativartanāt, videha-rāja |

Vasiṣṭha nói: “Khi ấy, Prakṛti—nương tựa nơi ba guṇa—rơi vào tính hoại diệt và biến đổi. Còn Puruṣa, hỡi Vaideha, trở thành ‘vô guṇa’ (vượt ngoài sự chi phối của guṇa), vì không quay về phía hay dấn thân vào các guṇa. Hỡi vua xứ Videha, đó là sự phân biệt: tự nhiên chịu suy hoại do hoạt động bị trói buộc bởi guṇa, còn tự ngã được giải thoát nhờ không can dự.”

तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
क्षरत्वम्perishability; destructible state
क्षरत्वम्:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षरत्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रकृतिःPrakriti; primordial nature
प्रकृतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
गच्छतेgoes; attains
गच्छते:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
गुणसंश्रिताresting on/associated with the guṇas
गुणसंश्रिता:
TypeAdjective
Rootगुण-सम्-श्रि (संश्रित)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
निर्गुणत्वम्quality of being without guṇas; transcendence of guṇas
निर्गुणत्वम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनिर्गुणत्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वैदेहO Vaideha (king of Videha)
वैदेह:
TypeNoun
Rootवैदेह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
गुणेषुin the guṇas
गुणेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
अप्रतिवर्तनात्because of non-engagement/non-return (i.e., not turning toward them)
अप्रतिवर्तनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअ-प्रति-वर्तन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
विदेहराजO king of Videha
विदेहराज:
TypeNoun
Rootविदेहराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
V
Vaideha (Janaka)
V
Videha
P
Prakṛti
G
Guṇas
P
Puruṣa

Educational Q&A

Prakṛti is inherently changeful and perishable because it operates through the guṇas; the Puruṣa (self) is realized as beyond the guṇas when it does not identify with or engage in guṇa-driven activity. Liberation is framed as non-involvement (asaṅga) with the guṇas.

Vasiṣṭha instructs the king of Videha (Janaka) in a Sāṅkhya-style distinction between nature (Prakṛti) and the self (Puruṣa), explaining how Prakṛti tends toward decay while the self becomes ‘nirguṇa’ through disengagement from the guṇas.