Shloka 3

भीष्म उवाच शृणु मे त्वमिदं सूक्ष्मं सांख्यानां विदितात्मनाम्‌ विहितं यतिभि: सर्वे: कपिलादिभिरी श्वरै:

bhīṣma uvāca: śṛṇu me tvam idaṁ sūkṣmaṁ sāṅkhyānāṁ viditātmanām | vihitaṁ yatibhiḥ sarvaiḥ kapilādibhir īśvaraiḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Hãy nghe ta, hỡi Yudhiṣṭhira, về giáo lý vi tế này—điều mà các bậc hiền triết Sāṅkhya, những người đã chứng ngộ Tự Ngã, đều thấu biết. Giáo lý ấy đã được chư đạo sĩ khổ hạnh, các bậc thánh giả tôn nghiêm như Kapila, khai thị—những vị được kính trọng như bậc thần linh về uy quyền tâm linh.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular
शृणुhear
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, Second, Singular
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सूक्ष्मम्subtle
सूक्ष्मम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसूक्ष्म
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सांख्यानाम्of the Sāṅkhyas / of Sāṅkhya-knowers
सांख्यानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसांख्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
विदितात्मनाम्of those whose self is known / self-realized
विदितात्मनाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootविदितात्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
विहितम्prescribed / set forth
विहितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-धा (धातु: धा) → विहित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यतिभिःby ascetics
यतिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयति
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सर्वैःby all
सर्वैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
कपिलादिभिःby Kapila and others
कपिलादिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकपिल-आदि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
ईश्वरैःby the lords / great masters
ईश्वरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootईश्वर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
Kapila
S
Sāṅkhya
Y
yatayaḥ (ascetics)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma introduces a subtle Sāṅkhya-based instruction grounded in ātma-jñāna (realization of the Self), emphasizing that the teaching is authoritative because it is upheld by accomplished renunciants and revered sages like Kapila.

In the Shanti Parva’s post-war instruction, Bhishma addresses Yudhishthira and begins to transmit a refined philosophical doctrine, framing it as a time-tested teaching of realized Sāṅkhya sages and eminent ascetics.