Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 40

अव्यक्तकालमान-निर्णयः

Measures of Time from the Unmanifest; Creation, Elements, and the Primacy of Mind

हंस उवाच अज्ञानेनावृतो लोको मात्सर्यान्न प्रकाशते | लोभात्‌ त्यजति मित्राणि संगात्‌ स्वर्ग न गच्छति

haṃsa uvāca ajñānenāvṛto loko mātsaryān na prakāśate | lobhāt tyajati mitrāṇi saṅgāt svargaṃ na gacchati ||

Hamsa nói: “Thế gian này bị vô minh che phủ; vì lòng ganh tỵ nên bản tánh chân thật không hiển lộ. Vì tham lam, con người bỏ rơi bạn hữu; và vì sự chấp thủ luyến ái, họ không đạt được cõi trời.”

हंसःthe swan (Haṃsa)
हंसः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहंस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अज्ञानेनby ignorance
अज्ञानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअज्ञान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
आवृतःcovered, enveloped
आवृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआवृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past Passive Participle, वृ (आ-√वृ)
लोकःthe world/people
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मात्सर्यात्from envy
मात्सर्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमात्सर्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रकाशतेshines forth, becomes manifest
प्रकाशते:
TypeVerb
Rootकाश् (प्र-)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
लोभात्from greed
लोभात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
त्यजतिabandons
त्यजति:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मित्राणिfriends
मित्राणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
संगात्from attachment/association
संगात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
स्वर्गम्heaven
स्वर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गच्छतिgoes, attains
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

हंस उवाच

H
Haṃsa (the Swan, speaker)
L
loka (the world/people)
S
svarga (heaven)

Educational Q&A

Ignorance veils discernment; envy prevents clarity, greed destroys friendship, and attachment obstructs higher attainment (svarga). The verse urges inner purification—freedom from envy, greed, and clinging—as a basis for dharmic life and spiritual progress.

In Śānti Parva’s didactic setting, the Haṃsa delivers a moral instruction, diagnosing common inner faults (ignorance, envy, greed, attachment) and stating their consequences for social bonds and posthumous destiny.