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Shloka 9

Adhyāya 283: Varṇa-vṛtti, Nyāya-ārjana, and the Decline-and-Restoration of Dharma (वर्णवृत्तिः न्यायार्जनं च)

ऋषय: पितरश्वैव आगता ब्रह्मणा सह । ऊष्मपा (सूर्यकी किरणोंका पान करनेवाले), सोमपा (सोमरस पीनेवाले), धूमपा (यज्ञमें धूम-पान करनेवाले) और आज्यपा (घृत-पान करनेवाले) पितर और ऋषि भी ब्रह्माजीके साथ उस यज्ञमें पधारे थे ।।

ṛṣayaḥ pitaraś caiva āgatā brahmaṇā saha | ūṣmapāḥ somapā dhūmapā ājyapāś ca pitara ṛṣayaś ca brahmaṇā saha tasmin yajñe samāgatāḥ || ete cānye ca bahavo bhūtagrāmāś caturvidhāḥ |

Vaiśampāyana nói: Các bậc hiền triết (Ṛṣi) và các Tổ phụ (Pitṛ) cũng đến cùng với Brahmā. Những Pitṛ và Ṛṣi ấy—được gọi là “kẻ uống hơi nóng” (ūṣmapā), “kẻ uống Soma” (somapā), “kẻ uống khói tế lễ” (dhūmapā), và “kẻ uống bơ tế (ghṛta)” (ājyapā)—đã theo Brahmā đến lễ tế ấy. Ngoài ra, còn có vô số đoàn chúng sinh khác, thuộc bốn loài, cũng hiện diện.

ऋषयःsages
ऋषयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पितरःmanes/ancestors
पितरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
आगताःhaving come/arrived
आगताः:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
ब्रह्मणाwith Brahmā
ब्रह्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बहवःmany
बहवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भूतग्रामाःmultitudes of beings
भूतग्रामाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूतग्राम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चतुर्विधाःof four kinds
चतुर्विधाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्विध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
Brahmā
Ṛṣis
P
Pitṛs (Fathers/ancestors)
Y
Yajña (sacrifice)
Ū
Ūṣmapāḥ
S
Somapāḥ
D
Dhūmapāḥ
Ā
Ājyapāḥ
B
Bhūtagrāmāḥ (multitudes of beings)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the dharmic vision that sacrifice (yajña) is not merely a human act but a cosmic institution: sages and ancestral beings participate, showing continuity between generations and reinforcing the ethical duty of honoring ṛṣis, gods, and Pitṛs through rightful ritual.

Vaiśampāyana describes a grand sacrificial gathering where Brahmā arrives accompanied by Ṛṣis and various classes of Pitṛs (ūṣmapā, somapā, dhūmapā, ājyapā). He adds that many other beings, described as fourfold in kind, are also assembled at the yajña.