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Shloka 11

Adhyāya 283: Varṇa-vṛtti, Nyāya-ārjana, and the Decline-and-Restoration of Dharma (वर्णवृत्तिः न्यायार्जनं च)

विराजन्ते विमानस्था दीप्यमाना इवाग्नय: । जिन्हें निमन्त्रित करके बुलाया गया था, वे सब देवता अपनी पत्नियोंके साथ विमानपर बैठकर आते समय प्रज्वलित अग्निके समान प्रकाशित हो रहे थे ।।

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: virājante vimānasthā dīpyamānā ivāgnayaḥ | yān nimantritvā āhūtāḥ te sarve devāḥ sapatnīkāḥ vimāneṣu samāruhya āgacchantaḥ prajvalitāgnisadṛśāḥ prakāśamānā babhūvuḥ || tān dṛṣṭvā mṛtyunāviṣṭo dadhīcir vākyam abravīt |

Vaiśampāyana nói: Các vị thần—ngồi trên những cỗ xa thuyền trên không (vimāna)—rực sáng như lửa bừng. Những ai đã được mời gọi và triệu đến đều cùng các phu nhân cưỡi vimāna mà đến, chói lọi như ngọn lửa vừa được nhóm. Thấy họ, Dadhīci, bị bóng tử thần bao phủ, liền cất lời như sau.

विराजन्तेthey shine, appear splendid
विराजन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-राज्
FormLat (Present Indicative), Atmanepada, 3, Plural
विमानस्थाःstanding/being in aerial cars (vimānas)
विमानस्थाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविमान-स्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दीप्यमानाःblazing, shining
दीप्यमानाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदीप्
FormPresent participle (Śatṛ/Śānac), Ātmanepada sense (दीप्यमान), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अग्नयःfires
अग्नयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तान्those (them)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), क्त्वा
मत्युनाby death
मत्युना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमत्यु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
आविष्टःentered/possessed, seized
आविष्टः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-विश्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
दधीचिःDadhīci (the sage)
दधीचिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदधीचि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाक्यम्speech, words
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said, spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormLan (Imperfect), Parasmaipada, 3, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
D
Devāḥ (the gods)
S
Sapatnīkāḥ (their wives)
V
Vimāna (celestial chariots)
A
Agni (fire, as simile)
D
Dadhīci

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the contrast between divine splendor and human (even ascetic) mortality: despite the gods’ radiant arrival, the sage’s awareness of death frames the moment ethically, preparing for speech about duty, sacrifice, or right conduct in the face of impermanence.

Invited gods arrive with their consorts, seated in celestial vimānas and shining like blazing fire. Dadhīci sees them and, being overtaken by the sense/approach of death, begins to address them.