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Shloka 55

Adhyāya 270 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s inquiry on saṃnyāsa; Bhīṣma on calculable time, tamas, and karma

Vṛtra–Uśanā exemplum begins

देवता ब्राह्मणा: सन्‍्तो यक्षा मानुषचारणा: । धार्मिकान्‌ पूजयन्तीह न धनाढ्यान्‌ न कामिन:

devatā brāhmaṇāḥ santaḥ yakṣā mānuṣa-cāraṇāḥ | dhārmikān pūjayantīha na dhanāḍhyān na kāminaḥ ||

Bhishma nói: “Chư thiên, các Bà-la-môn, bậc hiền thánh, các Yaksha, loài người và các Charana—tất thảy trong đời này đều tôn kính người có chính hạnh. Họ không tôn thờ kẻ chỉ giàu có, cũng không tôn thờ kẻ chạy theo dục lạc.”

devatāḥgods, deities
devatāḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootdevatā
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
brāhmaṇāḥBrahmins
brāhmaṇāḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
santaḥgood people, virtuous ones
santaḥ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootsat
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
yakṣāḥYakṣas
yakṣāḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootyakṣa
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
mānuṣa-cāraṇāḥhumans and Cāraṇas (bards)
mānuṣa-cāraṇāḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootmānuṣa + cāraṇa
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
dhārmikānthe righteous (persons)
dhārmikān:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootdhārmika
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
pūjayantithey worship, honor
pūjayanti:
TypeVerb
Rootpūj (dhātu)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
ihahere, in this world
iha:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha
nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
dhanāḍhyānthe wealthy, rich
dhanāḍhyān:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootdhanāḍhya
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
nanor, not
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
kāminaḥpleasure-seekers, lustful persons
kāminaḥ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootkāmin
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
Deities (Devatāḥ)
B
Brahmins (Brāhmaṇāḥ)
S
Saints/virtuous persons (Santaḥ)
Y
Yakshas (Yakṣāḥ)
H
Humans (Mānuṣāḥ)
C
Charanas (Cāraṇāḥ)
T
The righteous (Dhārmikāḥ)
T
The wealthy (Dhanāḍhya)
T
The pleasure-seekers (Kāmin)

Educational Q&A

True honor in society—among divine beings, sages, and humans alike—naturally goes to those grounded in dharma. Wealth and sensual indulgence, by themselves, do not merit reverence; ethical character does.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction to Yudhishthira, Bhishma continues a didactic sequence on values and conduct, emphasizing that social and cosmic approval aligns with righteousness rather than with mere prosperity or pleasure.